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Open Access 01-03-2022 | Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Original Article

Assessing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring

Authors: Charalampos Kotidis, David Wertheim, Michael Weindling, Heike Rabe, Mark A. Turner

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 3/2022

Abstract

Monitoring patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is currently performed intermittently using echocardiography which requires considerable expertise. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether PDA status could be assessed from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring. Electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) waveforms were acquired from extremely preterm infants using standard neonatal monitors. We developed software using MATLAB to analyse ECG and BP waveforms and their interrelationships in terms of pulse transit time (PTT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). The times from peak systolic BP to diastolic trough (BPFt) and from the diastolic trough to peak systolic BP (BPRt) were also calculated. PTT, BPFt and BPRt were normalised for heart rate (HR) termed NPTT, NBPFt and NBPRt, respectively. ECG, invasive aortic BP monitoring and echocardiography were performed in 14 preterm infants < 29 weeks’ gestation in the first 3 days after birth. The median (range) birth weight of the infants was 0.90 (0.48–1.31) kg, gestation 26.6 (24.0–28.7) weeks, PDA diameter 1.6 (0.8–3.6) mm and mean BP 32 (16–40) mmHg. We found a significant positive correlation between PDA diameter and NPTT (r = 0.69, P = 0.007) as well as NBPFt (r = 0.65, P = 0.012) and NBPRt (r = 0.71, P = 0.005). No relationship was found between PDA diameter and pulse pressure.

Conclusions: Interrelationships between ECG and BP traces as well as BP waveform time analysis are straightforward to measure and associated with PDA diameter. The results of this pilot study suggest that this approach may help provide biomarkers for continuous monitoring PDA diameter and function.

What is Known: • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is associated with increased risk of developing chronic lung disease, necrotising enterocolitis and cerebral injury. • Currently PDA is assessed intermittently using echocardiography which requires considerable expertise and sometimes is not well tolerated by critically ill preterm infants.
What is New: • Blood pressure (BP) and ECG waveform interrelation and BP trace time analysis, taking account of heart rate, relate to PDA diameter. • ECG and BP waveform phase difference as well as BP waveform time analysis may be useful in the continuous assessment of PDA function.

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Title: Assessing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring
Authors: Charalampos Kotidis
David Wertheim
Michael Weindling
Heike Rabe
Mark A. Turner
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Echocardiography
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Electrocardiography
Care
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Echocardiography
Electrocardiography
Biomarkers
Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04311-9

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Assessing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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