Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Pancreatic Cancer | Review

NOX4: a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer and its mechanism

Authors: Yawei Bi, Xiao Lei, Ningli Chai, Enqiang Linghu

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) is one of the seven isoforms of NOX family, which is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell, mouse model of pancreatic cancer and human pancreatic cancer tissue. NOX4 is a constitutively active enzyme that primarily produces hydrogen peroxide, which exhibits completely different properties from other subtypes of NOX family. More importantly, recent studies illuminate that NOX4 promotes pancreatic cancer occurrence and development in different ways. This review summarizes the potential roles and its mechanism of NOX4 in pancreatic cancer and explores NOX4 as the potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA. 2020;70:7–30.PubMed Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA. 2020;70:7–30.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, Rosenzweig AB, Fleshman JM, Matrisian LM. Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Can Res. 2014;74:2913–21.CrossRef Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, Rosenzweig AB, Fleshman JM, Matrisian LM. Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Can Res. 2014;74:2913–21.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bailey P, Chang DK, Nones K, Johns AL, Patch AM, Gingras MC, Miller DK, Christ AN, Bruxner TJ, Quinn MC, Nourse C, Murtaugh LC, et al. Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2016;531:47–52.PubMedCrossRef Bailey P, Chang DK, Nones K, Johns AL, Patch AM, Gingras MC, Miller DK, Christ AN, Bruxner TJ, Quinn MC, Nourse C, Murtaugh LC, et al. Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2016;531:47–52.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Cortés-Ciriano I, Lee JJ, Xi R, Jain D, Jung YL, Yang L, Gordenin D, Klimczak LJ, Zhang CZ, Pellman DS, Park PJ. Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing. Nat Genet. 2020;52:331–41.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cortés-Ciriano I, Lee JJ, Xi R, Jain D, Jung YL, Yang L, Gordenin D, Klimczak LJ, Zhang CZ, Pellman DS, Park PJ. Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing. Nat Genet. 2020;52:331–41.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Notta F, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Lemire M, Li Y, Wilson GW, Connor AA, Denroche RE, Liang SB, Brown AM, Kim JC, Wang T, Simpson JT, et al. A renewed model of pancreatic cancer evolution based on genomic rearrangement patterns. Nature. 2016;538:378–82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Notta F, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Lemire M, Li Y, Wilson GW, Connor AA, Denroche RE, Liang SB, Brown AM, Kim JC, Wang T, Simpson JT, et al. A renewed model of pancreatic cancer evolution based on genomic rearrangement patterns. Nature. 2016;538:378–82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Moloney JN, Cotter TG. ROS signalling in the biology of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018;80:50–64.PubMedCrossRef Moloney JN, Cotter TG. ROS signalling in the biology of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018;80:50–64.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Wu Y, Lu J, Antony S, Juhasz A, Liu H, Jiang G, Meitzler JL, Hollingshead M, Haines DC, Butcher D, Roy K, Doroshow JH. Activation of TLR4 is required for the synergistic induction of dual oxidase 2 and dual oxidase A2 by IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. J Immunol. 2013;190:1859–72.PubMedCrossRef Wu Y, Lu J, Antony S, Juhasz A, Liu H, Jiang G, Meitzler JL, Hollingshead M, Haines DC, Butcher D, Roy K, Doroshow JH. Activation of TLR4 is required for the synergistic induction of dual oxidase 2 and dual oxidase A2 by IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. J Immunol. 2013;190:1859–72.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Meitzler JL, Antony S, Wu Y, Juhasz A, Liu H, Jiang G, Lu J, Roy K, Doroshow JH. NADPH oxidases: a perspective on reactive oxygen species production in tumor biology. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20:2873–89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meitzler JL, Antony S, Wu Y, Juhasz A, Liu H, Jiang G, Lu J, Roy K, Doroshow JH. NADPH oxidases: a perspective on reactive oxygen species production in tumor biology. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20:2873–89.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Panday A, Sahoo MK, Osorio D, Batra S. NADPH oxidases: an overview from structure to innate immunity-associated pathologies. Cell Mol Immunol. 2015;12:5–23.PubMedCrossRef Panday A, Sahoo MK, Osorio D, Batra S. NADPH oxidases: an overview from structure to innate immunity-associated pathologies. Cell Mol Immunol. 2015;12:5–23.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Hiraga R, Kato M, Miyagawa S, Kamata T. Nox4-derived ROS signaling contributes to TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2013;33:4431–8.PubMed Hiraga R, Kato M, Miyagawa S, Kamata T. Nox4-derived ROS signaling contributes to TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2013;33:4431–8.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Liu WJ, Huang YX, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu BJ, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. NOX4 signaling mediates cancer development and therapeutic resistance through HER3 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells. 2021;10:9.CrossRef Liu WJ, Huang YX, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu BJ, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. NOX4 signaling mediates cancer development and therapeutic resistance through HER3 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells. 2021;10:9.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Carnesecchi S, Deffert C, Donati Y, Basset O, Hinz B, Preynat-Seauve O, Guichard C, Arbiser JL, Banfi B, Pache JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Krause KH. A key role for NOX4 in epithelial cell death during development of lung fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15:607–19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Carnesecchi S, Deffert C, Donati Y, Basset O, Hinz B, Preynat-Seauve O, Guichard C, Arbiser JL, Banfi B, Pache JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Krause KH. A key role for NOX4 in epithelial cell death during development of lung fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15:607–19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Nisimoto Y, Diebold BA, Cosentino-Gomes D, Lambeth JD. Nox4: a hydrogen peroxide-generating oxygen sensor. Biochemistry. 2014;53:5111–20.PubMedCrossRef Nisimoto Y, Diebold BA, Cosentino-Gomes D, Lambeth JD. Nox4: a hydrogen peroxide-generating oxygen sensor. Biochemistry. 2014;53:5111–20.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2021;10. Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2021;10.
16.
go back to reference Meitzler JL, Makhlouf HR, Antony S, Wu Y, Butcher D, Jiang G, Juhasz A, Lu J, Dahan I, Jansen-Dürr P, Pircher H, Shah AM, et al. Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors. Redox Biol. 2017;13:182–95.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meitzler JL, Makhlouf HR, Antony S, Wu Y, Butcher D, Jiang G, Juhasz A, Lu J, Dahan I, Jansen-Dürr P, Pircher H, Shah AM, et al. Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors. Redox Biol. 2017;13:182–95.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Lin XL, Yang L, Fu SW, Lin WF, Gao YJ, Chen HY, Ge ZZ. Overexpression of NOX4 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:33586–600.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lin XL, Yang L, Fu SW, Lin WF, Gao YJ, Chen HY, Ge ZZ. Overexpression of NOX4 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:33586–600.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Ju HQ, Ying H, Tian T, Ling J, Fu J, Lu Y, Wu M, Yang L, Achreja A, Chen G, Zhuang Z, Wang H, et al. Mutant Kras- and p16-regulated NOX4 activation overcomes metabolic checkpoints in development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14437.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ju HQ, Ying H, Tian T, Ling J, Fu J, Lu Y, Wu M, Yang L, Achreja A, Chen G, Zhuang Z, Wang H, et al. Mutant Kras- and p16-regulated NOX4 activation overcomes metabolic checkpoints in development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14437.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ogrunc M, Di Micco R, Liontos M, Bombardelli L, Mione M, Fumagalli M, Gorgoulis VG, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species fuel hyperproliferation and DNA damage response activation. Cell death and differentiation 2014;21:998–1012. Ogrunc M, Di Micco R, Liontos M, Bombardelli L, Mione M, Fumagalli M, Gorgoulis VG, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species fuel hyperproliferation and DNA damage response activation. Cell death and differentiation 2014;21:998–1012.
20.
go back to reference Jain P, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Mollen E, Malbeteau L, Xie M, Jessa F, Dhavarasa P, Chung S, Brown KR, Jang GH, Vora P, Notta F, et al. NOX4 links metabolic regulation in pancreatic cancer to endoplasmic reticulum redox vulnerability and dependence on PRDX4. Science advances 2021;7. Jain P, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Mollen E, Malbeteau L, Xie M, Jessa F, Dhavarasa P, Chung S, Brown KR, Jang GH, Vora P, Notta F, et al. NOX4 links metabolic regulation in pancreatic cancer to endoplasmic reticulum redox vulnerability and dependence on PRDX4. Science advances 2021;7.
21.
go back to reference Ma WF, Boudreau HE, Leto TL. Pan-Cancer Analysis Shows TP53 Mutations Modulate the Association of NOX4 with Genetic Programs of Cancer Progression and Clinical Outcome. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10:834. Ma WF, Boudreau HE, Leto TL. Pan-Cancer Analysis Shows TP53 Mutations Modulate the Association of NOX4 with Genetic Programs of Cancer Progression and Clinical Outcome. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10:834.
22.
go back to reference Hiraga R, Kato M, Miyagawa S, Kamata T. Nox4-derived ROS signaling contributes to TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2013;33:4431–8.PubMed Hiraga R, Kato M, Miyagawa S, Kamata T. Nox4-derived ROS signaling contributes to TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2013;33:4431–8.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:245–313.PubMedCrossRef Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:245–313.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Ma M, Shi F, Zhai R, Wang H, Li K, Xu C, Yao W, Zhou F. TGF-β promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via NF-κB/NOX4/ROS signal pathway in lung cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48:2365–75.PubMedCrossRef Ma M, Shi F, Zhai R, Wang H, Li K, Xu C, Yao W, Zhou F. TGF-β promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via NF-κB/NOX4/ROS signal pathway in lung cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48:2365–75.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Helfinger V, FreiherrvonGall F, Henke N, Kunze MM, Schmid T, Rezende F, Heidler J, Wittig I, Radeke HH, Marschall V, Anderson K, Shah AM, et al. Genetic deletion of Nox4 enhances cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2021;118:56.CrossRef Helfinger V, FreiherrvonGall F, Henke N, Kunze MM, Schmid T, Rezende F, Heidler J, Wittig I, Radeke HH, Marschall V, Anderson K, Shah AM, et al. Genetic deletion of Nox4 enhances cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2021;118:56.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Tang P, Dang H, Huang J, Xu T, Yuan P, Hu J, Sheng JF. NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a glycolytic regulator through mROS-HIF1α axis in thyroid carcinomas. Sci Rep. 2018;8:15897.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tang P, Dang H, Huang J, Xu T, Yuan P, Hu J, Sheng JF. NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a glycolytic regulator through mROS-HIF1α axis in thyroid carcinomas. Sci Rep. 2018;8:15897.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Vaquero EC, Edderkaoui M, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS. Reactive oxygen species produced by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibit apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:34643–54.PubMedCrossRef Vaquero EC, Edderkaoui M, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS. Reactive oxygen species produced by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibit apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:34643–54.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Lee JK, Edderkaoui M, Truong P, Ohno I, Jang KT, Berti A, Pandol SJ, Gukovskaya AS. NADPH oxidase promotes pancreatic cancer cell survival via inhibiting JAK2 dephosphorylation by tyrosine phosphatases. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1637–48.PubMedCrossRef Lee JK, Edderkaoui M, Truong P, Ohno I, Jang KT, Berti A, Pandol SJ, Gukovskaya AS. NADPH oxidase promotes pancreatic cancer cell survival via inhibiting JAK2 dephosphorylation by tyrosine phosphatases. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1637–48.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Mochizuki T, Furuta S, Mitsushita J, Shang WH, Ito M, Yokoo Y, Yamaura M, Ishizone S, Nakayama J, Konagai A, Hirose K, Kiyosawa K, et al. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 activates apoptosis via the AKT/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 pathway in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Oncogene. 2006;25:3699–707.PubMedCrossRef Mochizuki T, Furuta S, Mitsushita J, Shang WH, Ito M, Yokoo Y, Yamaura M, Ishizone S, Nakayama J, Konagai A, Hirose K, Kiyosawa K, et al. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 activates apoptosis via the AKT/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 pathway in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Oncogene. 2006;25:3699–707.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M, Alimonti A. Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury. Physiol Rev. 2019;99:1047–78.PubMedCrossRef Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M, Alimonti A. Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury. Physiol Rev. 2019;99:1047–78.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Cannon A, Thompson CM, Bhatia R, Armstrong KA, Solheim JC, Kumar S, Batra SK. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic myofibroblast activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 2021;56:689–703.PubMedCrossRef Cannon A, Thompson CM, Bhatia R, Armstrong KA, Solheim JC, Kumar S, Batra SK. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic myofibroblast activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 2021;56:689–703.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Zhao QD, Viswanadhapalli S, Williams P, Shi Q, Tan C, Yi X, Bhandari B, Abboud HE. NADPH oxidase 4 induces cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy through activating Akt/mTOR and NFκB signaling pathways. Circulation. 2015;131:643–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhao QD, Viswanadhapalli S, Williams P, Shi Q, Tan C, Yi X, Bhandari B, Abboud HE. NADPH oxidase 4 induces cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy through activating Akt/mTOR and NFκB signaling pathways. Circulation. 2015;131:643–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hecker L, Logsdon NJ, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar A, Bernard K, Hock T, Meldrum E, Sanders YY, Thannickal VJ. Reversal of persistent fibrosis in aging by targeting Nox4-Nrf2 redox imbalance. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:23147.CrossRef Hecker L, Logsdon NJ, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar A, Bernard K, Hock T, Meldrum E, Sanders YY, Thannickal VJ. Reversal of persistent fibrosis in aging by targeting Nox4-Nrf2 redox imbalance. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:23147.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Yang Q, Chen HY, Wang JN, Han HQ, Jiang L, Wu WF, Wei B, Gao L, Ma QY, Liu XQ, Chen Q, Wen JG, et al. Alcohol promotes renal fibrosis by activating Nox2/4-mediated DNA methylation of Smad7. Clin Sci. 2020;134:103–22.CrossRef Yang Q, Chen HY, Wang JN, Han HQ, Jiang L, Wu WF, Wei B, Gao L, Ma QY, Liu XQ, Chen Q, Wen JG, et al. Alcohol promotes renal fibrosis by activating Nox2/4-mediated DNA methylation of Smad7. Clin Sci. 2020;134:103–22.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Masamune A, Watanabe T, Kikuta K, Satoh K, Shimosegawa T. NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in the activation of pancreatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol. 2008;294:108. Masamune A, Watanabe T, Kikuta K, Satoh K, Shimosegawa T. NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in the activation of pancreatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol. 2008;294:108.
36.
go back to reference Hu R, Wang YL, Edderkaoui M, Lugea A, Apte MV, Pandol SJ. Ethanol augments PDGF-induced NADPH oxidase activity and proliferation in rat pancreatic stellate cells. Pancreatology. 2007;7:332–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hu R, Wang YL, Edderkaoui M, Lugea A, Apte MV, Pandol SJ. Ethanol augments PDGF-induced NADPH oxidase activity and proliferation in rat pancreatic stellate cells. Pancreatology. 2007;7:332–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Edderkaoui M, Hong P, Vaquero EC, Lee JK, Fischer L, Friess H, Buchler MW, Lerch MM, Pandol SJ, Gukovskaya AS. Extracellular matrix stimulates reactive oxygen species production and increases pancreatic cancer cell survival through 5-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol. 2005;289:G1137–47. Edderkaoui M, Hong P, Vaquero EC, Lee JK, Fischer L, Friess H, Buchler MW, Lerch MM, Pandol SJ, Gukovskaya AS. Extracellular matrix stimulates reactive oxygen species production and increases pancreatic cancer cell survival through 5-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol. 2005;289:G1137–47.
38.
go back to reference Bachem MG, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Siech M. Role of stellate cells in pancreatic fibrogenesis associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(Suppl 3):S92–6.PubMedCrossRef Bachem MG, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Siech M. Role of stellate cells in pancreatic fibrogenesis associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(Suppl 3):S92–6.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Zhang DY, Goossens N, Guo J, Tsai MC, Chou HI, Altunkaynak C, Sangiovanni A, Iavarone M, Colombo M, Kobayashi M, Kumada H, Villanueva A, et al. A hepatic stellate cell gene expression signature associated with outcomes in hepatitis C cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Gut. 2016;65:1754–64.PubMedCrossRef Zhang DY, Goossens N, Guo J, Tsai MC, Chou HI, Altunkaynak C, Sangiovanni A, Iavarone M, Colombo M, Kobayashi M, Kumada H, Villanueva A, et al. A hepatic stellate cell gene expression signature associated with outcomes in hepatitis C cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Gut. 2016;65:1754–64.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Jin G, Hong W, Guo Y, Bai Y, Chen B. Molecular mechanism of pancreatic stellate cells activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. J Cancer. 2020;11:1505–15.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jin G, Hong W, Guo Y, Bai Y, Chen B. Molecular mechanism of pancreatic stellate cells activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. J Cancer. 2020;11:1505–15.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Affo S, Yu LX, Schwabe RF. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis in liver cancer. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:153–86.PubMedCrossRef Affo S, Yu LX, Schwabe RF. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis in liver cancer. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:153–86.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Huang C, Gan D, Luo F, Wan S, Chen J, Wang A, Li B, Zhu X. Interaction Mechanisms Between the NOX4/ROS and RhoA/ROCK1 Signaling Pathways as New Anti- fibrosis Targets of Ursolic Acid in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:431.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Huang C, Gan D, Luo F, Wan S, Chen J, Wang A, Li B, Zhu X. Interaction Mechanisms Between the NOX4/ROS and RhoA/ROCK1 Signaling Pathways as New Anti- fibrosis Targets of Ursolic Acid in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:431.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Huang Y, Li Y, Lou A, Wang GZ, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Li Y, Zhu X, Chen T, Lin J, et al. Alamandine attenuates hepatic fibrosis by regulating autophagy induced by NOX4-dependent ROS. Clin Sci. 2020;134:853–69.CrossRef Huang Y, Li Y, Lou A, Wang GZ, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Li Y, Zhu X, Chen T, Lin J, et al. Alamandine attenuates hepatic fibrosis by regulating autophagy induced by NOX4-dependent ROS. Clin Sci. 2020;134:853–69.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Chen L, Zhou T, White T, O’Brien A, Chakraborty S, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Z, Kennedy L, Saxena R, Wu C, Meng F, Huang Q, et al. The Apelin-Apelin Receptor Axis Triggers Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Mouse Models of Cholestasis. Hepatology. 2021;73:2411–28.PubMedCrossRef Chen L, Zhou T, White T, O’Brien A, Chakraborty S, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Z, Kennedy L, Saxena R, Wu C, Meng F, Huang Q, et al. The Apelin-Apelin Receptor Axis Triggers Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Mouse Models of Cholestasis. Hepatology. 2021;73:2411–28.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Chen Y, Zhao C, Liu X, Wu G, Zhong J, Zhao T, Li J, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Wei Y. Plumbagin ameliorates liver fibrosis via a ROS-mediated NF-кB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;116:108923.PubMedCrossRef Chen Y, Zhao C, Liu X, Wu G, Zhong J, Zhao T, Li J, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Wei Y. Plumbagin ameliorates liver fibrosis via a ROS-mediated NF-кB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;116:108923.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Cheng Q, Li C, Yang CF, Zhong YJ, Wu D, Shi L, Chen L, Li YW, Li L. Methyl ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through the TGF-β1/Smad and NOX4/ROS pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;299:131–9.PubMedCrossRef Cheng Q, Li C, Yang CF, Zhong YJ, Wu D, Shi L, Chen L, Li YW, Li L. Methyl ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through the TGF-β1/Smad and NOX4/ROS pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;299:131–9.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Jiang JX, Chen X, Serizawa N, Szyndralewiez C, Page P, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Devaraj S, Török NJ. Liver fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis are attenuated by GKT137831, a novel NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor in vivo. Free Radical Biol Med. 2012;53:289–96.CrossRef Jiang JX, Chen X, Serizawa N, Szyndralewiez C, Page P, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Devaraj S, Török NJ. Liver fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis are attenuated by GKT137831, a novel NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor in vivo. Free Radical Biol Med. 2012;53:289–96.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Sancho P, Mainez J, Crosas-Molist E, Roncero C, Fernández-Rodriguez CM, Pinedo F, Huber H, Eferl R, Mikulits W, Fabregat I. NADPH oxidase NOX4 mediates stellate cell activation and hepatocyte cell death during liver fibrosis development. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e45285.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sancho P, Mainez J, Crosas-Molist E, Roncero C, Fernández-Rodriguez CM, Pinedo F, Huber H, Eferl R, Mikulits W, Fabregat I. NADPH oxidase NOX4 mediates stellate cell activation and hepatocyte cell death during liver fibrosis development. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e45285.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
50.
go back to reference Rodriguez-Aznar E, Wiesmüller L, Sainz B Jr, Hermann PC. EMT and stemness-key players in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancers. 2019;11:89.CrossRef Rodriguez-Aznar E, Wiesmüller L, Sainz B Jr, Hermann PC. EMT and stemness-key players in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancers. 2019;11:89.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Fournier KF, Wang H, Marquis L, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick GE, Logsdon CD, McConkey DJ, Choi W. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Can Res. 2009;69:5820–8.CrossRef Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Fournier KF, Wang H, Marquis L, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick GE, Logsdon CD, McConkey DJ, Choi W. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Can Res. 2009;69:5820–8.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A, Bailey JM, McAllister F, Reichert M, Beatty GL, Rustgi AK, Vonderheide RH, Leach SD, Stanger BZ. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell. 2012;148:349–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A, Bailey JM, McAllister F, Reichert M, Beatty GL, Rustgi AK, Vonderheide RH, Leach SD, Stanger BZ. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell. 2012;148:349–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Alvarez MA, Freitas JP, Mazher Hussain S, Glazer ES. TGF-β inhibitors in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2019;50:207–13.PubMedCrossRef Alvarez MA, Freitas JP, Mazher Hussain S, Glazer ES. TGF-β inhibitors in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2019;50:207–13.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Radisky DC, Levy DD, Littlepage LE, Liu H, Nelson CM, Fata JE, Leake D, Godden EL, Albertson DG, Nieto MA, Werb Z, Bissell MJ. Rac1b and reactive oxygen species mediate MMP-3-induced EMT and genomic instability. Nature. 2005;436:123–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Radisky DC, Levy DD, Littlepage LE, Liu H, Nelson CM, Fata JE, Leake D, Godden EL, Albertson DG, Nieto MA, Werb Z, Bissell MJ. Rac1b and reactive oxygen species mediate MMP-3-induced EMT and genomic instability. Nature. 2005;436:123–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Micalizzi DS, Farabaugh SM, Ford HL. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: parallels between normal development and tumor progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010;15:117–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Micalizzi DS, Farabaugh SM, Ford HL. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: parallels between normal development and tumor progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010;15:117–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Jo DH, Park KS, Kim JH. Blockade of mTORC1-NOX signaling pathway inhibits TGF-β1-mediated senescence-like structural alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium. FASEB J. 2021;35:e21403.PubMed Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Jo DH, Park KS, Kim JH. Blockade of mTORC1-NOX signaling pathway inhibits TGF-β1-mediated senescence-like structural alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium. FASEB J. 2021;35:e21403.PubMed
57.
go back to reference Crosas-Molist E, Bertran E, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Herraiz C, Cantelli G, Fabra À, Sanz-Moreno V, Fabregat I. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 represses epithelial to amoeboid transition and efficient tumour dissemination. Oncogene. 2017;36:3002–14.PubMedCrossRef Crosas-Molist E, Bertran E, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Herraiz C, Cantelli G, Fabra À, Sanz-Moreno V, Fabregat I. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 represses epithelial to amoeboid transition and efficient tumour dissemination. Oncogene. 2017;36:3002–14.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Boudreau HE, Casterline BW, Rada B, Korzeniowska A, Leto TL. Nox4 involvement in TGF-beta and SMAD3-driven induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration of breast epithelial cells. Free Radical Biol Med. 2012;53:1489–99.CrossRef Boudreau HE, Casterline BW, Rada B, Korzeniowska A, Leto TL. Nox4 involvement in TGF-beta and SMAD3-driven induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration of breast epithelial cells. Free Radical Biol Med. 2012;53:1489–99.CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Kim YM, Muthuramalingam K, Cho M. Redox Regulation of NOX Isoforms on FAK((Y397))/SRC((Y416)) Phosphorylation Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Malignant Cervical Epithelial Cells. Cells. 2020;9:12.CrossRef Kim YM, Muthuramalingam K, Cho M. Redox Regulation of NOX Isoforms on FAK((Y397))/SRC((Y416)) Phosphorylation Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Malignant Cervical Epithelial Cells. Cells. 2020;9:12.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Witte D, Bartscht T, Kaufmann R, Pries R, Settmacher U, Lehnert H, Ungefroren H. TGF-β1-induced cell migration in pancreatic carcinoma cells is RAC1 and NOX4-dependent and requires RAC1 and NOX4-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. Oncol Rep. 2017;38:3693–701.PubMed Witte D, Bartscht T, Kaufmann R, Pries R, Settmacher U, Lehnert H, Ungefroren H. TGF-β1-induced cell migration in pancreatic carcinoma cells is RAC1 and NOX4-dependent and requires RAC1 and NOX4-dependent activation of p38 MAPK. Oncol Rep. 2017;38:3693–701.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Li H, Peng C, Zhu C, Nie S, Qian X, Shi Z, Shi M, Liang Y, Ding X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Li X, et al. Hypoxia promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer through regulating NOX4/KDM5A-mediated histone methylation modification changes in a HIF1A-independent manner. Clin Epigenetics. 2021;13:18.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Li H, Peng C, Zhu C, Nie S, Qian X, Shi Z, Shi M, Liang Y, Ding X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Li X, et al. Hypoxia promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer through regulating NOX4/KDM5A-mediated histone methylation modification changes in a HIF1A-independent manner. Clin Epigenetics. 2021;13:18.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Vander Heiden MG, Kroemer G. Metabolic targets for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discovery. 2013;12:829–46.PubMedCrossRef Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Vander Heiden MG, Kroemer G. Metabolic targets for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discovery. 2013;12:829–46.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Yu T, Li L, Liu W, Ya B, Cheng H, Xin Q. Silencing of NADPH Oxidase 4 Attenuates Hypoxia Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt-Dependent Glycolysis. Oncol Res. 2019;27:525–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yu T, Li L, Liu W, Ya B, Cheng H, Xin Q. Silencing of NADPH Oxidase 4 Attenuates Hypoxia Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt-Dependent Glycolysis. Oncol Res. 2019;27:525–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Zeng C, Wu Q, Wang J, Yao B, Ma L, Yang Z, Li J, Liu B. NOX4 supports glycolysis and promotes glutamine metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Free Radical Biol Med. 2016;101:236–48.CrossRef Zeng C, Wu Q, Wang J, Yao B, Ma L, Yang Z, Li J, Liu B. NOX4 supports glycolysis and promotes glutamine metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Free Radical Biol Med. 2016;101:236–48.CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Wu D, Huang RT, Hamanaka RB, Krause M, Oh MJ, Kuo CH, Nigdelioglu R, Meliton AY, Witt L, Dai G, Civelek M, Prabhakar NR, et al. HIF-1α is required for disturbed flow-induced metabolic reprogramming in human and porcine vascular endothelium. Elife. 2017;6:230.CrossRef Wu D, Huang RT, Hamanaka RB, Krause M, Oh MJ, Kuo CH, Nigdelioglu R, Meliton AY, Witt L, Dai G, Civelek M, Prabhakar NR, et al. HIF-1α is required for disturbed flow-induced metabolic reprogramming in human and porcine vascular endothelium. Elife. 2017;6:230.CrossRef
67.
68.
go back to reference van der Zee JA, van Eijck CH, Hop WC, van Dekken H, Dicheva BM, Seynhaeve AL, Koning GA, Eggermont AM, ten Hagen TL. Angiogenesis: a prognostic determinant in pancreatic cancer? European journal of cancer (Oxford. England. 1990;2011(47):2576–84. van der Zee JA, van Eijck CH, Hop WC, van Dekken H, Dicheva BM, Seynhaeve AL, Koning GA, Eggermont AM, ten Hagen TL. Angiogenesis: a prognostic determinant in pancreatic cancer? European journal of cancer (Oxford. England. 1990;2011(47):2576–84.
69.
go back to reference Ellis LM, Takahashi Y, Fenoglio CJ, Cleary KR, Bucana CD, Evans DB. Vessel counts and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1998;34:337–40.PubMedCrossRef Ellis LM, Takahashi Y, Fenoglio CJ, Cleary KR, Bucana CD, Evans DB. Vessel counts and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1998;34:337–40.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Vermeulen PB, Gasparini G, Fox SB, Colpaert C, Marson LP, Gion M, Beliën JA, de Waal RM, Van Marck E, Magnani E, Weidner N, Harris AL, et al. Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours. Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:1564–79.PubMedCrossRef Vermeulen PB, Gasparini G, Fox SB, Colpaert C, Marson LP, Gion M, Beliën JA, de Waal RM, Van Marck E, Magnani E, Weidner N, Harris AL, et al. Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours. Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:1564–79.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Whipple C, Korc M. Targeting angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: rationale and pitfalls. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008;393:901–10.PubMedCrossRef Whipple C, Korc M. Targeting angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: rationale and pitfalls. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008;393:901–10.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Cai WX, Liang L, Wang L, Han JT, Zhu XX, Han H, Hu DH, Zhang P. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to increased intracellular ROS by up-regulating Nox4 expression in primary HUVECs. Cell Immunol. 2014;287:129–35.PubMedCrossRef Cai WX, Liang L, Wang L, Han JT, Zhu XX, Han H, Hu DH, Zhang P. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to increased intracellular ROS by up-regulating Nox4 expression in primary HUVECs. Cell Immunol. 2014;287:129–35.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Schröder K, Zhang M, Benkhoff S, Mieth A, Pliquett R, Kosowski J, Kruse C, Luedike P, Michaelis UR, Weissmann N, Dimmeler S, Shah AM, et al. Nox4 is a protective reactive oxygen species generating vascular NADPH oxidase. Circ Res. 2012;110:1217–25.PubMedCrossRef Schröder K, Zhang M, Benkhoff S, Mieth A, Pliquett R, Kosowski J, Kruse C, Luedike P, Michaelis UR, Weissmann N, Dimmeler S, Shah AM, et al. Nox4 is a protective reactive oxygen species generating vascular NADPH oxidase. Circ Res. 2012;110:1217–25.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Craige SM, Chen K, Pei Y, Li C, Huang X, Chen C, Shibata R, Sato K, Walsh K, Keaney JF Jr. NADPH oxidase 4 promotes endothelial angiogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Circulation. 2011;124:731–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Craige SM, Chen K, Pei Y, Li C, Huang X, Chen C, Shibata R, Sato K, Walsh K, Keaney JF Jr. NADPH oxidase 4 promotes endothelial angiogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Circulation. 2011;124:731–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Helfinger V, Henke N, Harenkamp S, Walter M, Epah J, Penski C, Mittelbronn M, Schröder K. The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 mediates tumour angiogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2016;216:435–46.CrossRef Helfinger V, Henke N, Harenkamp S, Walter M, Epah J, Penski C, Mittelbronn M, Schröder K. The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 mediates tumour angiogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2016;216:435–46.CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Gregg JL, Turner RM 2nd, Chang G, Joshi D, Zhan Y, Chen L, Maranchie JK. NADPH oxidase NOX4 supports renal tumorigenesis by promoting the expression and nuclear accumulation of HIF2α. Can Res. 2014;74:3501–11.CrossRef Gregg JL, Turner RM 2nd, Chang G, Joshi D, Zhan Y, Chen L, Maranchie JK. NADPH oxidase NOX4 supports renal tumorigenesis by promoting the expression and nuclear accumulation of HIF2α. Can Res. 2014;74:3501–11.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Li Y, Han N, Yin T, Huang L, Liu S, Liu D, Xie C, Zhang M. Lentivirus-mediated Nox4 shRNA invasion and angiogenesis and enhances radiosensitivity in human glioblastoma. Oxid Med Cell Longevity. 2014;2014:581732.CrossRef Li Y, Han N, Yin T, Huang L, Liu S, Liu D, Xie C, Zhang M. Lentivirus-mediated Nox4 shRNA invasion and angiogenesis and enhances radiosensitivity in human glioblastoma. Oxid Med Cell Longevity. 2014;2014:581732.CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Leo C, Giaccia AJ, Denko NC. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and gene expression. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2004;14:207–14.PubMedCrossRef Leo C, Giaccia AJ, Denko NC. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and gene expression. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2004;14:207–14.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Kung AL, Wang S, Klco JM, Kaelin WG, Livingston DM. Suppression of tumor growth through disruption of hypoxia-inducible transcription. Nat Med. 2000;6:1335–40.PubMedCrossRef Kung AL, Wang S, Klco JM, Kaelin WG, Livingston DM. Suppression of tumor growth through disruption of hypoxia-inducible transcription. Nat Med. 2000;6:1335–40.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Chang G, Chen L, Lin HM, Lin Y, Maranchie JK. Nox4 inhibition enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in human renal cancer cells. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2012;10:9–18.PubMed Chang G, Chen L, Lin HM, Lin Y, Maranchie JK. Nox4 inhibition enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in human renal cancer cells. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2012;10:9–18.PubMed
81.
go back to reference Kaushik D, Ashcraft KA, Wang H, Shanmugasundaram K, Shah PK, Gonzalez G, Nazarullah A, Tye CB, Liss MA, Pruthi DK, Mansour AM, Chowdhury W, et al. Nuclear NADPH oxidase-4 associated with disease progression in renal cell carcinoma. Transl Res. 2020;223:1–14.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kaushik D, Ashcraft KA, Wang H, Shanmugasundaram K, Shah PK, Gonzalez G, Nazarullah A, Tye CB, Liss MA, Pruthi DK, Mansour AM, Chowdhury W, et al. Nuclear NADPH oxidase-4 associated with disease progression in renal cell carcinoma. Transl Res. 2020;223:1–14.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Shanmugasundaram K, Nayak BK, Friedrichs WE, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Block K. NOX4 functions as a mitochondrial energetic sensor coupling cancer metabolic reprogramming to drug resistance. Nat Commun. 2017;8:997.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Shanmugasundaram K, Nayak BK, Friedrichs WE, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Block K. NOX4 functions as a mitochondrial energetic sensor coupling cancer metabolic reprogramming to drug resistance. Nat Commun. 2017;8:997.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Hecker L, Vittal R, Jones T, Jagirdar R, Luckhardt TR, Horowitz JC, Pennathur S, Martinez FJ, Thannickal VJ. NADPH oxidase-4 mediates myofibroblast activation and fibrogenic responses to lung injury. Nat Med. 2009;15:1077–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hecker L, Vittal R, Jones T, Jagirdar R, Luckhardt TR, Horowitz JC, Pennathur S, Martinez FJ, Thannickal VJ. NADPH oxidase-4 mediates myofibroblast activation and fibrogenic responses to lung injury. Nat Med. 2009;15:1077–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Petry A, Djordjevic T, Weitnauer M, Kietzmann T, Hess J, Görlach A. NOX2 and NOX4 mediate proliferative response in endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8:1473–84.PubMedCrossRef Petry A, Djordjevic T, Weitnauer M, Kietzmann T, Hess J, Görlach A. NOX2 and NOX4 mediate proliferative response in endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8:1473–84.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Clempus RE, Sorescu D, Dikalova AE, Pounkova L, Jo P, Sorescu GP, Schmidt HH, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Nox4 is required for maintenance of the differentiated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:42–8.PubMedCrossRef Clempus RE, Sorescu D, Dikalova AE, Pounkova L, Jo P, Sorescu GP, Schmidt HH, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Nox4 is required for maintenance of the differentiated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:42–8.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Kim J, Yoo JY, Suh JM, Park S, Kang D, Jo H, Bae YS. The flagellin-TLR5-Nox4 axis promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med. 2019;51:1–13.PubMedPubMedCentral Kim J, Yoo JY, Suh JM, Park S, Kang D, Jo H, Bae YS. The flagellin-TLR5-Nox4 axis promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med. 2019;51:1–13.PubMedPubMedCentral
87.
go back to reference Pedruzzi E, Guichard C, Ollivier V, Driss F, Fay M, Prunet C, Marie JC, Pouzet C, Samadi M, Elbim C, O’Dowd Y, Bens M, et al. NAD(P)H oxidase Nox-4 mediates 7-ketocholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24:10703–17.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pedruzzi E, Guichard C, Ollivier V, Driss F, Fay M, Prunet C, Marie JC, Pouzet C, Samadi M, Elbim C, O’Dowd Y, Bens M, et al. NAD(P)H oxidase Nox-4 mediates 7-ketocholesterol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24:10703–17.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Vendrov AE, Hayami T, Robidoux J, Xiao H, Zhang YY, Eitzman DT, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Increased mitochondrial NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in aging is a causative factor in aortic stiffening. Redox Biol. 2019;26:101288.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Vendrov AE, Hayami T, Robidoux J, Xiao H, Zhang YY, Eitzman DT, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Increased mitochondrial NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in aging is a causative factor in aortic stiffening. Redox Biol. 2019;26:101288.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
NOX4: a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer and its mechanism
Authors
Yawei Bi
Xiao Lei
Ningli Chai
Enqiang Linghu
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03182-w

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2021 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.