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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Optic nerve crush induces spatial and temporal gene expression patterns in retina and optic nerve of BALB/cJ mice

Authors: Tasneem P Sharma, Colleen M McDowell, Yang Liu, Alex H Wagner, David Thole, Benjamin P Faga, Robert J Wordinger, Terry A Braun, Abbot F Clark

Published in: Molecular Neurodegeneration | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Central nervous system (CNS) trauma and neurodegenerative disorders trigger a cascade of cellular and molecular events resulting in neuronal apoptosis and regenerative failure. The pathogenic mechanisms and gene expression changes associated with these detrimental events can be effectively studied using a rodent optic nerve crush (ONC) model. The purpose of this study was to use a mouse ONC model to: (a) evaluate changes in retina and optic nerve (ON) gene expression, (b) identify neurodegenerative pathogenic pathways and (c) discover potential new therapeutic targets.

Results

Only 54% of total neurons survived in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) 28 days post crush. Using Bayesian Estimation of Temporal Regulation (BETR) gene expression analysis, we identified significantly altered expression of 1,723 and 2,110 genes in the retina and ON, respectively. Meta-analysis of altered gene expression (≥1.5, ≤-1.5, p < 0.05) using Partek and DAVID demonstrated 28 up and 20 down-regulated retinal gene clusters and 57 up and 41 down-regulated optic nerve clusters. Regulated gene clusters included regenerative change, synaptic plasticity, axonogenesis, neuron projection, and neuron differentiation. Expression of selected genes (Vsnl1, Syt1, Synpr and Nrn1) from retinal and ON neuronal clusters were quantitatively and qualitatively examined for their relation to axonal neurodegeneration by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR.

Conclusion

A number of detrimental gene expression changes occur that contribute to trauma-induced neurodegeneration after injury to ON axons. Nrn1 (synaptic plasticity gene), Synpr and Syt1 (synaptic vesicle fusion genes), and Vsnl1 (neuron differentiation associated gene) were a few of the potentially unique genes identified that were down-regulated spatially and temporally in our rodent ONC model. Bioinformatic meta-analysis identified significant tissue-specific and time-dependent gene clusters associated with regenerative changes, synaptic plasticity, axonogenesis, neuron projection, and neuron differentiation. These ONC induced neuronal loss and regenerative failure associated clusters can be extrapolated to changes occurring in other forms of CNS trauma or in clinical neurodegenerative pathological settings. In conclusion, this study identified potential therapeutic targets to address two key mechanisms of CNS trauma and neurodegeneration: neuronal loss and regenerative failure.

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Title: Optic nerve crush induces spatial and temporal gene expression patterns in retina and optic nerve of BALB/cJ mice
Authors: Tasneem P Sharma
Colleen M McDowell
Yang Liu
Alex H Wagner
David Thole
Benjamin P Faga
Robert J Wordinger
Terry A Braun
Abbot F Clark
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Molecular Neurodegeneration / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1750-1326
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1326-9-14

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Optic nerve crush induces spatial and temporal gene expression patterns in retina and optic nerve of BALB/cJ mice

Abstract

Background

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Results

Conclusion

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