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01-02-2021 | Obesity | Original Contribution

Effect of viscous fiber supplementation on obesity indicators in individuals consuming calorie-restricted diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Authors: Elena Jovanovski, Nourah Mazhar, Allison Komishon, Rana Khayyat, Dandan Li, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Tauseef Khan, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Lea Smircic-Duvnjak, John L. Sievenpiper, Vladimir Vuksan

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Dietary fiber has played a consistent role in weight management, with efficacy potentially attributed to increased viscous fiber consumption.

Purpose

To summarize the effects of viscous fiber on body weight and other anthropometric parameters, along with a calorie-deficient diet, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched through July 24, 2019 for randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of viscous fiber supplementation as part of a restricted calorie diet for ≥ 4 weeks relative to comparator diets. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and quantified with I². The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence.

Results

Findings from 15 studies (n = 1347) showed viscous fiber supplementation significantly decreased body weight (− 0.81 kg [− 1.20, − 0.41]; p < 0.0001), BMI (− 0.25 kg/m² [− 0.46, − 0.05]; p = 0.01), and body fat (− 1.39% [− 2.61, − 0.17]; p = 0.03), compared to control. No effect on waist circumference was found. The certainty of evidence was graded as “moderate” for body weight, BMI, and body fat based on downgrades for imprecision. Waist circumference was graded “low” for downgrades of inconsistency and imprecision.

Conclusion

Viscous fiber within a calorie-restricted diet significantly improved body weight and other markers of adiposity in overweight adults and those with additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03257449.

Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03257449

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Title: Effect of viscous fiber supplementation on obesity indicators in individuals consuming calorie-restricted diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Elena Jovanovski
Nourah Mazhar
Allison Komishon
Rana Khayyat
Dandan Li
Sonia Blanco Mejia
Tauseef Khan
Alexandra L. Jenkins
Lea Smircic-Duvnjak
John L. Sievenpiper
Vladimir Vuksan
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02224-1

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