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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Obesity | Research

Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study

Authors: Hlengiwe P. Madlala, Nelia P. Steyn, Emma Kalk, Mary-Anne Davies, Dorothy Nyemba, Thokozile R. Malaba, Ushma Mehta, Gregory Petro, Andrew Boulle, Landon Myer

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Although global nutrition/dietary transition resulting from industrialisation and urbanisation has been identified as a major contributor to widespread trends of obesity, there is limited data in pregnant women, including those living with HIV in South Africa. We examined food-based dietary intake in pregnant women with and without HIV at first antenatal care (ANC) visit, and associations with maternal overweight/obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG).

Methods

In an urban South African community, consecutive women living with (n = 479) and without (n = 510) HIV were enrolled and prospectively followed to delivery. Interviewer-administered non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake (starch, protein, dairy, fruits, vegetables, legumes, oils/fats) at enrolment. Associations with maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were examined using logistic regression models.

Results

Among women (median age 29 years, IQR 25–34), the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) at first ANC was 43% and that of excessive GWG (per IOM guidelines) was 37% overall; HIV prevalence was 48%. In women without HIV, consumption of potato (any preparation) (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.84) and pumpkin/butternut (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.29–3.49) for 1–3 days a week increased the odds of overweight/obesity compared to not consuming any; milk in tea/coffee (aOR 6.04, 95% CI 1.37–26.50) increased the odds of excessive GWG. Consumption of eggs (any) (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.86) for 1–3 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity while peanut and nuts consumption for 4–7 days a week reduced the odds (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80) of excessive GWG.

In women with HIV, consumption of milk/yoghurt/maas to drink/on cereals (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.68), tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.84), green beans (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.86), mixed vegetables (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.84) and legumes e.g. baked beans, lentils (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.86) for 4–7 days a week reduced the odds of overweight/obesity; tomato (raw/cooked) (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96) and mixed vegetables (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.78) also reduced the odds of excessive GWG.

Conclusions

Diet modification may promote healthy weight in pregnant women living with and without HIV.

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Title: Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hlengiwe P. Madlala
Nelia P. Steyn
Emma Kalk
Mary-Anne Davies
Dorothy Nyemba
Thokozile R. Malaba
Ushma Mehta
Gregory Petro
Andrew Boulle
Landon Myer
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Overweight
Published in: BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11566-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Association between food intake and obesity in pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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