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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 3/2020

01-04-2020 | Obesity | Original Contribution

Adherence to a priori dietary indexes and baseline prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus randomised trial

Authors: Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez, Estefanía Toledo, Oscar Lecea, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, María Dolores Zomeño, Jesús Vioque, J. Alfredo Martinez, Jadwiga Konieczna, Francisco J. Barón-López, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Josep A. Tur, Francisco J. Tinahones, Lluís Serra-Majem, Vicente Martín, Manuel Ortega-Calvo, Clotilde Vázquez, Xavier Pintó, Josep Vidal, Lidia Daimiel, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía, José I. González, Andrés Díaz-López, Indira Paz-Graniel, Miguel A. Muñoz, Montse Fito, Salvador Pertusa-Martinez, Itziar Abete, Antonio García-Ríos, Emilio Ros, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Miguel Á. Martínez-González

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 3/2020

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Abstract

Purpose

Cardiovascular disease remains the global leading cause of death. We evaluated at baseline the association between the adherence to eight a priori high-quality dietary scores and the prevalence of individual and clustered cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.

Methods

All PREDIMED-Plus participants (6874 men and women aged 55–75 years, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) were assessed. The prevalence of 4 CVRF (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia), using standard diagnoses criteria, were considered as outcomes. The adherence to eight a priori-defined dietary indexes was calculated. Multivariable models were fitted to estimate differences in mean values of factors and prevalence ratios for individual and clustered CVRF.

Results

Highest conformity to any dietary pattern did not show inverse associations with hypertension. The modified Mediterranean Diet Score (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) (PR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.89–0.98), the pro-vegetarian dietary pattern (PR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (PR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.87–0.96) were inversely associated with prevalence of obesity. We identified significant inverse trend among participants who better adhered to the MEDAS and the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) in the mean number of CVRF across categories of adherence. Better adherence to several high-quality dietary indexes was associated with better blood lipid profiles and anthropometric measures.

Conclusions

Highest adherence to dietary quality indexes, especially Mediterranean-style and PDQS scores, showed marginal associations with lower prevalence of individual and clustered CVRF among elderly adults with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Adherence to a priori dietary indexes and baseline prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus randomised trial
Authors
Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez
Estefanía Toledo
Oscar Lecea
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Dolores Corella
Pilar Buil-Cosiales
María Dolores Zomeño
Jesús Vioque
J. Alfredo Martinez
Jadwiga Konieczna
Francisco J. Barón-López
José López-Miranda
Ramon Estruch
Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez
Josep A. Tur
Francisco J. Tinahones
Lluís Serra-Majem
Vicente Martín
Manuel Ortega-Calvo
Clotilde Vázquez
Xavier Pintó
Josep Vidal
Lidia Daimiel
Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
Pilar Matía
José I. González
Andrés Díaz-López
Indira Paz-Graniel
Miguel A. Muñoz
Montse Fito
Salvador Pertusa-Martinez
Itziar Abete
Antonio García-Ríos
Emilio Ros
Miguel Ruiz-Canela
Miguel Á. Martínez-González
Publication date
01-04-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01982-x

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