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Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

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Open Access 01-12-2024 | NSCLC | Research

Blocking the MIF-CD74 axis augments radiotherapy efficacy for brain metastasis in NSCLC via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization

Authors: Lichao Liu, Jian Wang, Ying Wang, Lingjuan Chen, Ling Peng, Yawen Bin, Peng Ding, Ruiguang Zhang, Fan Tong, Xiaorong Dong

Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of recurrence and death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although radiotherapy is the main local therapy for brain metastasis, it is inevitable that some cancer cells become resistant to radiation. Microglia, as macrophages colonized in the brain, play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy could activate microglia to polarize into both the M1 and M2 phenotypes. Therefore, searching for crosstalk molecules within the microenvironment that can specifically regulate the polarization of microglia is a potential strategy for improving radiation resistance.

Methods

We used databases to detect the expression of MIF in NSCLC and its relationship with prognosis. We analyzed the effects of targeted blockade of the MIF/CD74 axis on the polarization and function of microglia during radiotherapy using flow cytometry. The mouse model of brain metastasis was used to assess the effect of targeted blockade of MIF/CD74 axis on the growth of brain metastasis.

Result

Our findings reveals that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was highly expressed in NSCLC and is associated with the prognosis of NSCLC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated CD74 inhibition reversed radiation-induced AKT phosphorylation in microglia and promoted the M1 polarization in combination of radiation. Additionally, blocking the MIF-CD74 interaction between NSCLC and microglia promoted microglia M1 polarization. Furthermore, radiation improved tumor hypoxia to decrease HIF-1α dependent MIF secretion by NSCLC. MIF inhibition enhanced radiosensitivity for brain metastasis via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization in vivo.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that targeting the MIF-CD74 axis promoted microglia M1 polarization and synergized with radiotherapy for brain metastasis in NSCLC.

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Title: Blocking the MIF-CD74 axis augments radiotherapy efficacy for brain metastasis in NSCLC via synergistically promoting microglia M1 polarization
Authors: Lichao Liu
Jian Wang
Ying Wang
Lingjuan Chen
Ling Peng
Yawen Bin
Peng Ding
Ruiguang Zhang
Fan Tong
Xiaorong Dong
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: NSCLC
NSCLC
Radiotherapy
Metastasis
Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1756-9966
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-024-03024-9

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