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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Nausea | Research

Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study

Authors: Judith Ong, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Shu-E Soh, Sharon Ng, Wen Lun Yuan, Izzuddin M Aris, Mya Thway Tint, Navin Michael, See Ling Loy, Kok Hian Tan, Keith M Godfrey, Lynette P Shek, Fabian Yap, Yung Seng Lee, Yap Seng Chong, Shiao-Yng Chan

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is common and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Longer-term offspring outcomes are also not well documented. This study aimed to determine if NVP, even in milder forms, is associated with adverse pregnancy and childhood growth outcomes.

Methods

In the GUSTO prospective mother-offspring cohort, women with singleton pregnancies (n = 1172) recruited in first trimester responded to interviewer-administered questions at 26–28 weeks’ gestation about earlier episodes of NVP since becoming pregnant. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained from medical records. Offspring height and weight measured at 15 time-points between birth to 72 months (m) were standardised for age and sex.

Results

58.5% (n = 686) reported mild-moderate vomiting (mNVP), 10.5% (n = 123) severe vomiting (sNVP) and 5.7% (n = 67) severe vomiting with hospitalisation (shNVP). There was no difference in odds of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, labour induction or caesarean section after adjustment for covariates. sNVP was associated with late preterm delivery [34^+ 0–36^+ 6 weeks’, adjusted OR = 3.04 (95% CI 1.39,6.68)], without increased odds of neonatal unit admission. Compared with no NVP, boys born to mothers with sNVP were longer at birth [adjusted β = 0.38 standard deviations (SDs) (95% CI 0.02,0.73)], remained taller [0.64 SDs (0.23,1.04) at 72 m] and heavier [0.57 SDs (0.05,1.08) at 60 m] without differences in BMI. Conversely, girls born to mothers with shNVP were lighter from 48 m [− 0.52 SDs (− 1.00, − 0.03)] onwards with lower BMI [− 0.61 SDs (− 1.12,-0.09)]. Conditional growth modelling revealed significant sex-divergence in weight-gain at birth-3 m, 6-9 m and 4–5 years.

Conclusions

Severe NVP was associated with late preterm delivery, and both mild-moderate and severe NVP associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth. Boys whose mothers had NVP were taller and heavier from birth with faster growth in the first year, whereas, girls had poorer weight gain and were lighter by 48 m. As even milder severities of NVP could have long-term impact on offspring growth, further research is needed to determine mechanisms involved and implications on future health.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01174875.

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Title: Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study
Authors: Judith Ong
Suresh Anand Sadananthan
Shu-E Soh
Sharon Ng
Wen Lun Yuan
Izzuddin M Aris
Mya Thway Tint
Navin Michael
See Ling Loy
Kok Hian Tan
Keith M Godfrey
Lynette P Shek
Fabian Yap
Yung Seng Lee
Yap Seng Chong
Shiao-Yng Chan
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Nausea
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Vomiting
Premature Birth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04024-9

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Increasing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is associated with sex-dependent differences in early childhood growth: the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial registration

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