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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Multiple Myeloma | Review

Deciphering mechanisms of immune escape to inform immunotherapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma

Authors: Muthulekha Swamydas, Elena V. Murphy, James J. Ignatz-Hoover, Ehsan Malek, James J. Driscoll

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant plasma cells nurtured within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment. While patients mount numerous adaptive immune responses directed against their disease, emerging data demonstrate that tumor intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms allow myeloma cells to subvert host immunosurveillance and resist current therapeutic strategies. Myeloma downregulates antigens recognized by cellular immunity and modulates the bone marrow microenvironment to promote uncontrolled tumor proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and further hamper anti-tumor immunity. Additional resistance often develops after an initial clinical response to small molecules, immune-targeting antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade or cellular immunotherapy. Profound quantitative and qualitative dysfunction of numerous immune effector cell types that confer anti-myeloma immunity further supports myelomagenesis, disease progression and the emergence of drug resistance. Identification of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms may direct the design of rationally-designed drug combinations that prevent or overcome drug resistance to improve patient survival. Here, we summarize various mechanisms of immune escape as a means to inform novel strategies that may restore and improve host anti-myeloma immunity.
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Metadata
Title
Deciphering mechanisms of immune escape to inform immunotherapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma
Authors
Muthulekha Swamydas
Elena V. Murphy
James J. Ignatz-Hoover
Ehsan Malek
James J. Driscoll
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-022-01234-2

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