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Medical Oncology
Published in: Medical Oncology 5/2021

01-05-2021 | Melanoma | Review Article

Immunotherapy and predictive immunologic profile: the tip of the iceberg

Authors: Tatiana Cunha Pereira, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Jani Sofia Almeida, Fábio Rêgo Salgueiro, Ana Raquel Monteiro, Filipa Macedo, Rita Félix Soares, Isabel Domingues, Paula Jacinto, Gabriela Sousa

Published in: Medical Oncology | Issue 5/2021

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Abstract

The interplay between cancer and the immune system has been under investigation for more than a century. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the outcome of several tumors; however, there is a significant percentage of patients presenting resistance to immunotherapy. Besides the action mechanism, it is essential to unravel this complex interplay between host immune system and tumorigenesis to determine an immune profile as a predictive factor to immune checkpoint blockade agents. Tumor expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden, or mismatch repair deficiency are recognized predictive biomarkers to immunotherapy but are insufficient to explain the response rates and heterogeneity across tumor sites. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the role of the tumor microenvironment in the diversity and clonality of tumor-infiltrating immune cells since different checkpoint molecules play an influential role in cytotoxic T cell activation. Moreover, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors regulated by epigenetic factors play a complex part. Peripheral immune cells expressing PD-1/PD-L1 and the biologic roles of soluble immune checkpoint molecules are the subject of new lines of investigation. This article addresses some of the new molecules and mechanisms studied as possible predictive biomarkers to immunotherapy, linked with the concept of immune dynamics monitoring.
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Metadata
Title
Immunotherapy and predictive immunologic profile: the tip of the iceberg
Authors
Tatiana Cunha Pereira
Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
Jani Sofia Almeida
Fábio Rêgo Salgueiro
Ana Raquel Monteiro
Filipa Macedo
Rita Félix Soares
Isabel Domingues
Paula Jacinto
Gabriela Sousa
Publication date
01-05-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Medical Oncology / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1357-0560
Electronic ISSN: 1559-131X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-021-01497-8

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