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Open Access 01-04-2019 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Original Article

Local-to-distant development of the cerebrocerebellar sensorimotor network in the typically developing human brain: a functional and diffusion MRI study

Authors: Kaoru Amemiya, Tomoyo Morita, Daisuke N. Saito, Midori Ban, Koji Shimada, Yuko Okamoto, Hirotaka Kosaka, Hidehiko Okazawa, Minoru Asada, Eiichi Naito

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Sensorimotor function is a fundamental brain function in humans, and the cerebrocerebellar circuit is essential to this function. In this study, we demonstrate how the cerebrocerebellar circuit develops both functionally and anatomically from childhood to adulthood in the typically developing human brain. We measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging while a total of 57 right-handed, blindfolded, healthy children (aged 8–11 years), adolescents (aged 12–15 years), and young adults (aged 18–23 years) (n = 19 per group) performed alternating extension–flexion movements of their right wrists in precise synchronization with 1-Hz audio tones. We also collected their diffusion MR images to examine the extent of fiber maturity in cerebrocerebellar afferent and efferent tracts by evaluating the anisotropy-sensitive index of hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA). During the motor task, although the ipsilateral cerebellum and the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortices were consistently activated across all age groups, the functional connectivity between these two distant regions was stronger in adults than in children and adolescents, whereas connectivity within the local cerebellum was stronger in children and adolescents than in adults. The HMOA values in cerebrocerebellar afferent and efferent tracts were higher in adults than in children (some were also higher than in adolescents). The results indicate that adult-like cerebrocerebellar functional coupling is not completely achieved during childhood and adolescence, even for fundamental sensorimotor brain function, probably due to anatomical immaturity of cerebrocerebellar tracts. This study clearly demonstrated the principle of “local-to-distant” development of functional brain networks in the human cerebrocerebellar sensorimotor network.

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Title: Local-to-distant development of the cerebrocerebellar sensorimotor network in the typically developing human brain: a functional and diffusion MRI study
Authors: Kaoru Amemiya
Tomoyo Morita
Daisuke N. Saito
Midori Ban
Koji Shimada
Yuko Okamoto
Hirotaka Kosaka
Hidehiko Okazawa
Minoru Asada
Eiichi Naito
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-01821-5

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Local-to-distant development of the cerebrocerebellar sensorimotor network in the typically developing human brain: a functional and diffusion MRI study

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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