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Published in: Clinical Autonomic Research 6/2022

21-11-2022 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Review Article

Brain and cardiovascular-related changes are associated with aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation

Authors: Donggyu Rim, Luke A. Henderson, Vaughan G. Macefield

Published in: Clinical Autonomic Research | Issue 6/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

The neural pathways in which the brain regulates the cardiovascular system is via sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart and sympathetic control of the systemic vasculature. Various cortical and sub-cortical sites are involved, but how these critical brain regions for cardiovascular control are altered in healthy aging and other risk conditions that may contribute to cardiovascular disease is uncertain.

Methods

Here we review the functional and structural brain changes in healthy aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation – noting their potential influence on the autonomic nervous system and hence on cardiovascular control.

Results

Evidence suggests that aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation are each associated with functional and structural changes in specific areas of the central nervous system involved in autonomic control. Increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and significant alterations in the brain regions involved in the default mode network are commonly reported in aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions

Further studies using functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with autonomic nerve activity in healthy aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation promise to reveal the underlying brain circuitry modulating the abnormal sympathetic nerve activity in these conditions. This understanding will guide future therapies to rectify dysregulation of autonomic and cardiovascular control by the brain.
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Metadata
Title
Brain and cardiovascular-related changes are associated with aging, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation
Authors
Donggyu Rim
Luke A. Henderson
Vaughan G. Macefield
Publication date
21-11-2022
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Autonomic Research / Issue 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0959-9851
Electronic ISSN: 1619-1560
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-022-00907-9

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