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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

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Open Access 09-02-2022 | Liposuction | Review

Incidence of Complications for Different Approaches in Gynecomastia Correction: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Authors: Alessandro Innocenti, Dario Melita, Emanuela Dreassi

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 3/2022

Abstract

Background

Gynecomastia is nowadays a very common disease, affecting a large cohort of patients with different ages. The aim of this literature review is to assess the incidence of complications with all proposed techniques and for combined procedures versus single approach procedures in gynecomastia correction.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify all reported techniques for gynecomastia correction covering a period from January 1, 1987 to November 1, 2020. For all selected papers, demographic data, proposed technique, and complications’ incidence have been recorded.

Results

A total number of 3970 results was obtained from database analysis. A final total number of 94 articles was obtained for 7294 patients analyzed. Patients have been divided into three groups: aspiration techniques, consisting in 874 patients (11,98%), surgical excision techniques, consisting in 2764 patients (37,90%), and combined techniques, consisting in 3656 patients (50,12%). Complications have been recorded for all groups, for a total number of 1407, of which 130 among “Aspiration techniques” group (14,87%), 847 among “Surgical excision techniques” group (30,64%), and 430 in “Combined techniques” group (11,76%).

Conclusions

Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to address gynecomastia, with the potential to greatly improve self-confidence and overall appearance of affected patients. The combined use of surgical excision and aspiration techniques seems to reduce the rate of complications compared to surgical excision alone, but the lack of unique classification and the presence of several surgical techniques still represents a bias in the literature review.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Innocenti A, Serena G, Innocenti M (2021) External quilting: new technique to avoid haematoma in gynaecomastia surgery. Aesthet Plast Surg 45(2):831–832CrossRef

103.

Innocenti A (2019) Male tuberous breast: a rare variant of gynecomastia. Clinical considerations and personal experience: tips and tricks to maximize surgical outcomes. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(6):1500–1505CrossRef

104.

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Innocenti A, Ciancio F, Parisi D, Portincasa A, Melita D, Innocenti M (2017) Comment to “orange peel excision of gland: a novel surgical technique for treatment of gynecomastia.” Ann Plast Surg 79(3):326CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Ghezzi S, Melita D (2020) Commentary on “surgical treatment of gynaecomastia: a standard of care in plastic surgery” by Tobias R. Mett, Peter P. Pfeiler, Rosalia Luketina, Alperen S. Bingöl, Nicco Krezdorn & Peter M. Vogt. Eur J Plast Surg 43(5): 1-2

108.

Innocenti A, Ghezzi S, Melita D, Ciancio F, Innocenti, (2018) Comment to: “complications and outcomes after gynecomastia surgery: analysis of 204 pediatric and 1583 adult cases from a national multi-center database.” Aesthet Plast Surg 42(1):334–335CrossRef

109.

Innocenti A, Ciancio F, Portincasa A, Parisi D (2017) Discussion: surgical management of gynecomastia-subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction. Aesthet Plast Surg 41(4):983–984CrossRef

110.

Innocenti A, Melita D (2021) Expected reduction of the nipple-areolar complex over time after treatment of gynecomastia with ultrasound-assisted liposuction mastectomy compared to subcutaneous mastectomy alone. Aesthet Plast Surg 45(3):1350–1351CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Melita D, Mori F, Ciancio F, Innocenti M (2017) Reply to the comment on: management of gynecomastia in patients with different body types: considerations on 312 consecutive treated cases. Ann Plast Surg 79(2):226–227CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Ghezzi S, Melita D, Innocenti M (2018) Clinical characteristics of asymmetric bilateral gynecomastia: suggestion of desirable surgical method based on a single-institution experience. Aesthet Plast Surg 42(6):1716–1717CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Melita D, Ciancio F, Innocenti M (2017) Discussion: “long-term follow-up of recurrence and patient satisfaction after surgical treatment of gynecomastia.” Aesthet Plast Surg 41(5):1242–1243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-0866-3CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Melita D, Mori F, Ciancio F, Innocenti M (2017) Comment to “postero-inferior pedicle surgical technique for the treatment of grade III gynecomastia.” Aesthet Plast Surg 41(3):747–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-0849-4CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Melita D, Innocenti M (2018) Evaluation of glandular liposculpture as a single treatment for grades I and II gynecomastia. Aesthet Plast Surg 42(6):1707–1708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-018-1156-4CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Ghezzi S, Melita D, Innocenti M (2017) Comment on: “surgical masculinization of the breast: clinical classification and surgical procedures.” Aesthet Plast Surg 41(6):1475–1476CrossRef

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Innocenti A, Melita D, Ghezzi S, Ciancio F, Innocenti M (2017) Comment to: “the characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes of adolescent gynecomastia.” Aesthet Plast Surg 41(6):1467–1468CrossRef

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Title: Incidence of Complications for Different Approaches in Gynecomastia Correction: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Alessandro Innocenti
Dario Melita
Emanuela Dreassi
Publication date: 09-02-2022
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Liposuction
Liposuction
Foreign Body Aspiration
Foreign Body Aspiration
Gynecomastia
Aspiration
Liposuction
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02782-1

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Incidence of Complications for Different Approaches in Gynecomastia Correction: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence III

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusions

Level of Evidence III

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