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Annals of Surgical Oncology
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 11/2020

01-10-2020 | Computed Tomography | Colorectal Cancer

Radiomics Approach Outperforms Diameter Criteria for Predicting Pathological Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis After Neoadjuvant (Chemo)Radiotherapy in Advanced Low Rectal Cancer

Authors: Ryota Nakanishi, MD, PhD, Takashi Akiyoshi, MD, PhD, Shigeo Toda, MD, Yu Murakami, MSc, Senzo Taguchi, MD, PhD, Koji Oba, PhD, Yutaka Hanaoka, MD, Toshiya Nagasaki, MD, PhD, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, MD, PhD, Tsuyoshi Konishi, MD, PhD, Shuichiro Matoba, MD, PhD, Masashi Ueno, MD, PhD, Yosuke Fukunaga, MD, PhD, Hiroya Kuroyanagi, MD, PhD

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 11/2020

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Abstract

Background

Advanced low rectal cancer has a non-negligible risk of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis (LPLNM) and lateral local recurrence (LR) after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. LPLN dissection (LPLND) reduces LR but increases postoperative complications and sexual/urinary dysfunction.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a new radiomics-based prediction model for LPLNM in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods

A total of 247 patients with rectal cancer and enlarged LPLNs treated by (chemo)radiotherapy and LPLND were enrolled in this retrospective, multicenter study. LPLN radiomic features were extracted from pretreatment portal venous-phase computed tomography images. A radiomics score of LPLN was constructed based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression in a primary cohort of 175 patients. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis, and was externally validated in 72 patients.

Results

The radiomics score showed significantly better discrimination compared with pretreatment short-axis diameter measurements in both the primary (area under the curve [AUC] 0.91 vs. 0.83, p = 0.0015) and validation (AUC 0.90 vs. 0.80, p = 0.0298) cohorts. Decision curve analysis also indicated the superiority of the radiomics score. In a subanalysis of patients with a short-axis diameter ≥ 7 mm, the radiomics nomogram, incorporating the radiomics score and LPLN shrinkage to ≤ 4 mm, had better discrimination compared with a model incorporating only LPLN shrinkage in both cohorts.

Conclusions

Radiomics-based prediction modeling provides individualized risk estimation of LPLNM in rectal cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, and outperforms measurements of pretreatment LPLN diameter.
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Metadata
Title
Radiomics Approach Outperforms Diameter Criteria for Predicting Pathological Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis After Neoadjuvant (Chemo)Radiotherapy in Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
Authors
Ryota Nakanishi, MD, PhD
Takashi Akiyoshi, MD, PhD
Shigeo Toda, MD
Yu Murakami, MSc
Senzo Taguchi, MD, PhD
Koji Oba, PhD
Yutaka Hanaoka, MD
Toshiya Nagasaki, MD, PhD
Tomohiro Yamaguchi, MD, PhD
Tsuyoshi Konishi, MD, PhD
Shuichiro Matoba, MD, PhD
Masashi Ueno, MD, PhD
Yosuke Fukunaga, MD, PhD
Hiroya Kuroyanagi, MD, PhD
Publication date
01-10-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 11/2020
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08974-w

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