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EJNMMI Research
Published in: EJNMMI Research 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Original research

Accuracy of tumor segmentation from multi-parametric prostate MRI and 18F-choline PET/CT for focal prostate cancer therapy applications

Authors: Morand Piert, Prasad R. Shankar, Jeffrey Montgomery, Lakshmi Priya Kunju, Virginia Rogers, Javed Siddiqui, Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran, Jason Hearn, Arvin George, Xia Shao, Matthew S. Davenport

Published in: EJNMMI Research | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

The study aims to assess the accuracy of multi-parametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) and 18F-choline PET/CT in tumor segmentation for clinically significant prostate cancer. 18F-choline PET/CT and 3 T mpMRI were performed in 10 prospective subjects prior to prostatectomy. All subjects had a single biopsy-confirmed focus of Gleason ≥ 3+4 cancer. Two radiologists (readers 1 and 2) determined tumor boundaries based on in vivo mpMRI sequences, with clinical and pathologic data available. 18F-choline PET data were co-registered to T2-weighted 3D sequences and a semi-automatic segmentation routine was used to define tumor volumes. Registration of whole-mount surgical pathology to in vivo imaging was conducted utilizing two ex vivo prostate specimen MRIs, followed by gross sectioning of the specimens within a custom-made 3D-printed plastic mold. Overlap and similarity coefficients of manual segmentations (seg1, seg2) and 18F-choline-based segmented lesions (seg3) were compared to the pathologic reference standard.

Results

All segmentation methods greatly underestimated the true tumor volumes. Human readers (seg1, seg2) and the PET-based segmentation (seg3) underestimated an average of 79, 80, and 58% of the tumor volumes, respectively. Combining segmentation volumes (union of seg1, seg2, seg3 = seg4) decreased the mean underestimated tumor volume to 42% of the true tumor volume. When using the combined segmentation with 5 mm contour expansion, the mean underestimated tumor volume was significantly reduced to 0.03 ± 0.05 mL (2.04 ± 2.84%). Substantial safety margins up to 11–15 mm were needed to include all tumors when the initial segmentation boundaries were drawn by human readers or the semi-automated 18F-choline segmentation tool. Combining MR-based human segmentations with the metabolic information based on 18F-choline PET reduced the necessary safety margin to a maximum of 9 mm to cover all tumors entirely.

Conclusions

To improve the outcome of focal therapies for significant prostate cancer, it is imperative to recognize the full extent of the underestimation of tumor volumes by mpMRI. Combining metabolic information from 18F-choline with MRI-based segmentation can improve tumor coverage. However, this approach requires confirmation in further clinical studies.
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Metadata
Title
Accuracy of tumor segmentation from multi-parametric prostate MRI and 18F-choline PET/CT for focal prostate cancer therapy applications
Authors
Morand Piert
Prasad R. Shankar
Jeffrey Montgomery
Lakshmi Priya Kunju
Virginia Rogers
Javed Siddiqui
Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran
Jason Hearn
Arvin George
Xia Shao
Matthew S. Davenport
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
EJNMMI Research / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 2191-219X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-018-0377-5

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