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Molecular Autism
Published in: Molecular Autism 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism

Authors: Jason J. Wolff, Meghan R. Swanson, Jed T. Elison, Guido Gerig, John R. Pruett Jr., Martin A. Styner, Clement Vachet, Kelly N. Botteron, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Heather C. Hazlett, Robert T. Schultz, Mark D. Shen, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Joseph Piven, The IBIS Network

Published in: Molecular Autism | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Restricted and repetitive behaviors are defining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Under revised diagnostic criteria for ASD, this behavioral domain now includes atypical responses to sensory stimuli. To date, little is known about the neural circuitry underlying these features of ASD early in life.

Methods

Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 217 infants at high familial risk for ASD. Forty-four of these infants were diagnosed with ASD at age 2. Targeted cortical, cerebellar, and striatal white matter pathways were defined and measured at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. Dependent variables included the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire.

Results

Among children diagnosed with ASD, repetitive behaviors and sensory response patterns were strongly correlated, even when accounting for developmental level or social impairment. Longitudinal analyses indicated that the genu and cerebellar pathways were significantly associated with both repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness but not social deficits. At age 6 months, fractional anisotropy in the genu significantly predicted repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness at age 2. Cerebellar pathways significantly predicted later sensory responsiveness. Exploratory analyses suggested a possible disordinal interaction based on diagnostic status for the association between fractional anisotropy and repetitive behavior.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that restricted and repetitive behaviors contributing to a diagnosis of ASD at age 2 years are associated with structural properties of callosal and cerebellar white matter pathways measured during infancy and toddlerhood. We further identified that repetitive behaviors and unusual sensory response patterns co-occur and share common brain-behavior relationships. These results were strikingly specific given the absence of association between targeted pathways and social deficits.
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Metadata
Title
Neural circuitry at age 6 months associated with later repetitive behavior and sensory responsiveness in autism
Authors
Jason J. Wolff
Meghan R. Swanson
Jed T. Elison
Guido Gerig
John R. Pruett Jr.
Martin A. Styner
Clement Vachet
Kelly N. Botteron
Stephen R. Dager
Annette M. Estes
Heather C. Hazlett
Robert T. Schultz
Mark D. Shen
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
Joseph Piven
The IBIS Network
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Autism / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2040-2392
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0126-z

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