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Gut Pathogens
Published in: Gut Pathogens 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Meningitis | Review

Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports

Authors: Jolanta Sarowska, Bozena Futoma-Koloch, Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik, Magdalena Frej-Madrzak, Marta Ksiazczyk, Gabriela Bugla-Ploskonska, Irena Choroszy-Krol

Published in: Gut Pathogens | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are facultative pathogens that are part of the normal human intestinal flora. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Virulence factors (VF) related to the pathogenicity of ExPEC are numerous and have a wide range of activities, from those related to bacteria colonization to those related to virulence, including adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition factors, lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, and invasins, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of ExPEC transmission and the selection of virulent clones are still poorly understood and require further research. The time shift between colonization of ExPEC and the development of infection remains problematic in the context of establishing the relation between consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of first disease symptoms. What appears to be most difficult is to prove that ExPEC strains cause disease symptoms and to examine the mechanism of transition from the asymptomatic colonization of the intestines to the spreading of the bacteria outside the digestive system. A significant problem for researchers who are trying to ascribe ExPEC transmission to food, people or the environment is to draw the distinction between colonization of ExPEC and infection. Food safety is an important challenge for public health both at the production stage and in the course of its processing and distribution. Examination of the genetic similarity of ExPEC strains will allow to determine their origin from different sources. Many levels of genotyping have been proposed in which the typing of strains, plasmids and genes is compared in order to obtain a more complete picture of this complex problem. The aim of our study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food for the presence of bacterial genes encoding virulence factors such as toxins, and iron acquisition systems (siderophores) in the context of an increasing spread of ExPEC infections.
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Metadata
Title
Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports
Authors
Jolanta Sarowska
Bozena Futoma-Koloch
Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
Magdalena Frej-Madrzak
Marta Ksiazczyk
Gabriela Bugla-Ploskonska
Irena Choroszy-Krol
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Gut Pathogens / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1757-4749
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-019-0290-0

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