Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Review

Host, pathogen and the environment: the case of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and magnesium

Authors: Suma Tiruvayipati, Subha Bhassu

Published in: Gut Pathogens | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is well-known as the giant freshwater prawn, and is a commercially significant source of seafood. Its production can be affected by various bacterial contaminations. Among which, the genus Vibrio shows a higher prevalence in aquatic organisms, especially M. rosenbergii, causing food-borne illnesses. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a species of Vibrio is reported as the main causative of the early mortality syndrome. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in M. rosenbergii was studied previously in relation to the prawn’s differentially expressed immune genes. In the current review, we will discuss the growth conditions for both V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii and highlight the role of magnesium in common, which need to be fully understood. Till date, there has not been much research on this aspect of magnesium. We postulate a model that screens a magnesium-dependent pathway which probably might take effect in connection with N-acetylglucosamine binding protein and chitin from V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii, respectively. Further studies on magnesium as an environment for V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii interaction studies will provide seafood industry with completely new strategies to employ and to avoid seafood related contaminations.

Available only for authorised users

Carlucci AF, Pramer D. Factors affecting the survival of bacteria in sea water. Appl Microbiol. 1959;7:388–92.PubMedPubMedCentral

Craun MF, Craun GF, Calderon RL, Beach MJ. Waterborne outbreaks reported in the United States. J Water and Health. 2006;4(Suppl 2):19–30.CrossRef

Pond K. Water recreation and disease. Plausibility of associated infections: aute effects, sequelae and mortality. London: IWA Publishing; 2005.

Wang XH, Leung KY. Biochemical characterization of different types of adherence of Vibrio species to fish epithelial cells. Microbiology. 2000;146(Pt 4):989–98. doi:10.1099/00221287-146-4-989.CrossRefPubMed

Macian MC, Arias CR, Aznar R, Garay E, Pujalte MJ. Identification of Vibrio spp. (other than V. vulnificus) recovered on CPC agar from marine natural samples. Int Microbiol. 2000;3(1):51–3.PubMed

Rosenberg E, Kushmaro A, Kramarsky-Winter E, Banin E, Yossi L. The role of microorganisms in coral bleaching. ISME J. 2009;3(2):139–46. doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.104.CrossRefPubMed

Ceccarelli D, Hasan NA, Huq A, Colwell RR. Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013;3:97. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00097.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Horseman MA, Surani S. A comprehensive review of Vibrio vulnificus: an important cause of severe sepsis and skin and soft-tissue infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15(3):e157–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.11.003.CrossRefPubMed

Jones JL, Ludeke CH, Bowers JC, DeRosia-Banick K, Carey DH, Hastback W. Abundance of Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Long Island sound. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(24):7667–72. doi:10.1128/AEM.02820-14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Gulig PA, Bourdage KL, Starks AM. Molecular pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. J Microbiol. 2005;43(Suppl 1):118–31.PubMed

11.

Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H. Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature. 2000;407(6800):81–6. doi:10.1038/35024074.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines for selected use in international travel: cholera vaccine. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep. 1978;27:173–4.

13.

WHO (ed)Guidelines for Cholera control. 1993. p. 22–3.

14.

Besser RE, Feikin DR, Eberhart-Phillips JE, Mascola L, Griffin PM. Diagnosis and treatment of cholera in the United States. Are we prepared? JAMA. 1994;272(15):1203–5.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Finelli L, Swerdlow D, Mertz K, Ragazzoni H, Spitalny K. Outbreak of cholera associated with crab brought from an area with epidemic disease. J Infect Dis. 1992;166(6):1433–5.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Sande MA. Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. 29th ed. Hyde Park: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc; 1999.

17.

Hayat U, Reddy GP, Bush CA, Johnson JA, Wright AC, Morris JG Jr. Capsular types of Vibrio vulnificus: an analysis of strains from clinical and environmental sources. J Infect Dis. 1993;168(3):758–62.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Hollis DG, Weaver RE, Baker CN, Thornsberry C. Halophilic Vibrio species isolated from blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 1976;3(4):425–31.PubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Klontz KC, Tauxe RV, Cook WL, Riley WH, Wachsmuth IK. Cholera after the consumption of raw oysters. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(6):846–8.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Lowry PW, Pavia AT, Mcfarland LM, Peltier BH, Barrett TJ, Bradford HB, et al. Cholera in louisiana. widening spectrum of seafood vehicles. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149(9):2079–84. doi:10.1001/archinte.149.9.2079.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Mahalanabis D, Molla AM, Sack DA. Clinical management of cholera. In: Barua D, Greenough WB, editors. New York: Plenum Medical Book Company; 1992.

22.

Pavia AT, Campbell JF, Blake PA, Smith JD, McKinley TW, Martin DL. Cholera from raw oysters shipped interstate. JAMA. 1987;258(17):2374.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Daniels NA, Shafaie A. A review of pathogenic vibrio infections for clinicians. Infect Med. 2000;17(10):665–85.

24.

Kim MN, Bang HJ. Detection of marine pathogenic bacterial Vibrio species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J Environ Biol. 2008;29(4):543–6.PubMed

25.

Fujino T, Okuno Y, Nakada D, Aoyama A, Fukai K, Mukai T, et al. On the bacteriological examination of Shirasu-food poisoning. Med J Osaka Univ. 1953;4:299–304.

26.

Dadisman TA Jr, Nelson R, Molenda JR, Garber HJ. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Maryland. I. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Am J Epidemiol. 1972;96(6):414–26.PubMed

27.

Rao R, Bing Zhu Y, Alinejad T, Tiruvayipati S, Lin Thong K, Wang J, et al. RNA-seq analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Gut Pathog. 2015;7:6. doi:10.1186/s13099-015-0052-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Bhowmick R, Ghosal A, Das B, Koley H, Saha DR, Ganguly S, et al. Intestinal adherence of Vibrio cholerae involves a coordinated interaction between colonization factor GbpA and mucin. Infect Immun. 2008;76(11):4968–77. doi:10.1128/IAI.01615-07.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Keyhani NO, Roseman S. Physiological aspects of chitin catabolism in marine bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1473(1):108–22.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Wong E, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Ghosh A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Konarev PV, Ibrahim AF, et al. The Vibrio cholerae colonization factor GbpA possesses a modular structure that governs binding to different host surfaces. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(1):e1002373. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002373.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Jude BA, Martinez RM, Skorupski K, Taylor RK. Levels of the secreted Vibrio cholerae attachment factor GbpA are modulated by quorum-sensing-induced proteolysis. J Bacteriol. 2009;191(22):6911–7. doi:10.1128/JB.00747-09.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Department FFaA. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In: New MB, editor. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Rome: FAO 2004–2016; 2004.

33.

Fukushima H, Seki R. Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in brackish environments of the Sada River in Shimane Prefecture Japan. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004;48(2):221–9. doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2004.01.009.CrossRefPubMed

34.

D’Abramo LR, Brunson MW. Biology and Life History of freshwater prawns, No. 483. USA: SRAC publications; 1996.

35.

Ceccarelli D, Colwell RR. Vibrio ecology, pathogenesis, and evolution. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:256. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00256.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Han H, Wong HC, Kan B, Guo Z, Zeng X, Yin S, et al. Genome plasticity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: microevolution of the ‘pandemic group’. BMC Genom. 2008;9:570. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-570.CrossRef

37.

Faruque SM, Islam MJ, Ahmad QS, Faruque AS, Sack DA, Nair GB, et al. Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: role of host-mediated amplification of phage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(17):6119–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502069102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Reen FJ, Almagro-Moreno S, Ussery D, Boyd EF. The genomic code: inferring Vibrionaceae niche specialization. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006;4(9):697–704. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1476.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Chen Y, Stine OC, Badger JH, Gil AI, Nair GB, Nishibuchi M, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: serotype conversion and virulence. BMC Genom. 2011;12:294. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-294.CrossRef

40.

Chowdhury NR, Stine OC, Morris JG, Nair GB. Assessment of evolution of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus by multilocus sequence typing. Journal Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(3):1280–2.CrossRef

41.

Wong HC, Liu SH, Chiou CS, Nishibuchi M, Lee BK, Suthienkul O, et al. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing scheme for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from fifteen countries. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;114(3):280–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.09.024.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Sawabe T, Ogura Y, Matsumura Y, Feng G, Amin AR, Mino S, et al. Updating the Vibrio clades defined by multilocus sequence phylogeny: proposal of eight new clades, and the description of Vibrio tritonius sp. Nov. Frontiers in microbiology. 2013;4:414. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00414.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Rapa RA, Labbate M. The function of integron-associated gene cassettes in Vibrio species: the tip of the iceberg. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:385. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00385.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Kirkup BC Jr, Chang L, Chang S, Gevers D, Polz MF. Vibrio chromosomes share common history. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:137. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-137.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Rowe-Magnus DA, Guerout AM, Ploncard P, Dychinco B, Davies J, Mazel D. The evolutionary history of chromosomal super-integrons provides an ancestry for multiresistant integrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(2):652–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.652.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Altekruse SF, Bishop RD, Baldy LM, Thompson SG, Wilson SA, Ray BJ, et al. Vibrio gastroenteritis in the US Gulf of Mexico region: the role of raw oysters. Epidemiol Infect. 2000;124(3):489–95.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Johnson DE, Weinberg L, Ciarkowski J, West P, Colwell RR. Wound infection caused by Kanagawa-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Clin Microbiol. 1984;20(4):811–2.PubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Yan WX, Dai Y, Zhou YJ, Liu H, Duan SG, Han HH, et al. Risk factors for sporadic Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in east China: a matched case–control study. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(5):1020–8. doi:10.1017/S0950268814001599.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Baumann P, Furniss AL, Lee JV. Genus 1. Vibrio. In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co.; 1984.

50.

Colwell RR, West PA, Maneval D, Remmers EF, Elliot EL, Carlson NE. Ecology of pathogenic vibrios in Chesapeake Bay. In: Colwell RR, editor. Vibrios in the environment. Wiley: New York; 1984. p. 367–87.

51.

Yeung PS, Boor KJ. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2004;1(2):74–88. doi:10.1089/153531404323143594.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Jackson H. Temperature relationships of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In: Fujino T, Sakaguchi G, Sakazaki R, et al., editors. International symposium of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Tokyo: Saikon; 1974. p. 139–45.

53.

Barrow GI, Miller DC. Growth studies on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in relation to pathogenicity. In: Fujino T, Sakaguchi G, Sakazaki R, et al., editors. International symposium of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Tokyo: Saikon; 1974. p. 205–10.

54.

Daniels NA, MacKinnon L, Bishop R, Altekruse S, Ray B, Hammond RM, et al. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States, 1973–1998. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(5):1661–6. doi:10.1086/315459.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Daniels NA, Ray B, Easton A, Marano N, Kahn E, McShan AL 2nd, et al. Emergence of a new Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype in raw oysters: a prevention quandary. JAMA. 2000;284(12):1541–5.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Sanyal SC, Sen PC. Human volunteer study on the pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In: Fujino T, Sakaguchi G, Sakazaki R, Takeda Y, editors. International symposium of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Tokyo: Saikon; 1974. p. 227–30.

57.

DePaola A, Kaysner CA, Bowers J, Cook DW. Environmental investigations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters after outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York (1997 and 1998). Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000;66(11):4649–54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

FAO/WHO. Risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood: interpretative summary and technical report. 2011.

59.

Bhattacharya M, Roy SS, Biswas D, Kumar R. Effect of Mg(2+) ion in protein secretion by magnesium-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the coastal water of Haldia port. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000;185(2):151–6.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Heinis JJ, Beuchat LR, Boswell FC. Antimetabolite sensitivity and magnesium uptake by thermally stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978;35(6):1035–40.PubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Akio K, Teshima S, Sasaki M. Requirements of the juvenile prawn for calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, copper, manganese and iron. Mem Fac Fish. 1984;33(1):63–71.

62.

Hangsapreurke K, Thamrongnawasawat T, Powtongsook S, Tabthipwon P, Lumubol P, Pratoomchat B. Embryonic development, hatching, mineral consumption, and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)reared in artificial seawater in closed recirculating water system at different levels of salinity. Mj Int J Sci Tech. 2008;2(3):471–82.

63.

Rejeki S. Accumulation of aluminium in the tissue of giant fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) exposed to acidic water contaminated with aluminium salt. J Coast Dev. 2003;6(2):83–95.

64.

Kuhn M, Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, von Mering C, Jensen LJ, Bork P. STITCH 3: zooming in on protein–chemical interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012; 40(Database issue):D876–80. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1011.

65.

Dalia AB, Lazinski DW, Camilli A. Identification of a membrane-bound transcriptional regulator that links chitin and natural competence in Vibrio cholerae. MBio. 2014;5(1):e01028.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Nahar S, Sultana M, Naser MN, Nair GB, Watanabe H, Ohnishi M, et al. Role of shrimp chitin in the ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae and cholera transmission. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:260. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00260.PubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Nalin DR, Daya V, Reid A, Levine MM, Cisneros L. Adsorption and growth of Vibrio cholerae on chitin. Infect Immun. 1979;25(2):768–70.PubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Sun S, Tay QX, Kjelleberg S, Rice SA, McDougald D. Quorum sensing-regulated chitin metabolism provides grazing resistance to Vibrio cholerae biofilms. ISME J. 2015;9(8):1812–20. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.265.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Vezzulli L, Pezzati E, Stauder M, Stagnaro L, Venier P, Pruzzo C. Aquatic ecology of the oyster pathogens Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio aestuarianus. Environ Microbiol. 2015;17(4):1065–80. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12484.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Williams TC, Ayrapetyan M, Oliver JD. Molecular and physical factors that influence attachment of Vibrio vulnificus to chitin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;81(18):6158–65. doi:10.1128/AEM.00753-15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

71.

Kaneko T, Colwell RR. Adsorption of Vibrio parahaemolyticus onto chitin and copepods. Appl Microbiol. 1975;29(2):269–74.PubMedPubMedCentral

72.

Frischkorn KR, Stojanovski A, Paranjpye R. Vibrio parahaemolyticus type IV pili mediate interactions with diatom-derived chitin and point to an unexplored mechanism of environmental persistence. Environ Microbiol. 2013;15(5):1416–27. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12093.CrossRefPubMed

73.

Karunasagar I, Venugopal MN, Karunasagar I, Segar K. Role of chitin in the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at different temperatures. Can J Microbiol. 1986;32(11):889–91.CrossRefPubMed

74.

Osawa R, Koga T. An investigation of aquatic bacteria capable of utilizing chitin as the sole source of nutrients. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008;21(5):288–91.CrossRef

75.

Hameed ASS, Rahaman KH, Alagan A, Yoganandhan K. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from hatchery-reared larvae and post-larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture. 2003;217(1–4):39–48.CrossRef

76.

Clark JWH, Lynn JW. A Mg++ dependent cortical reaction in the eggs of Penaeid shrimp. J Exp Zool. 1977;200:177–83.CrossRef

77.

Damrongphol P, Jaroensastraraks P, Poolsanguan B. Effect of various medium compositions on survival and hatching rates of embryos of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in vitro. Fisheries Sci. 2001;67(1):64–70. doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00200.x.CrossRef

78.

Permina EA, Kazakov AE, Kalinina OV, Gelfand MS. Comparative genomics of regulation of heavy metal resistance in Eubacteria. BMC Microbiol. 2006;6:49. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Lee SW, Najiah M, Wendy W, Zahrol A, Nadirah M. Multiple antibiotic resistance and heavy metal resistance profile of bacteria isolated from giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) hatchery. Agric Sci China. 2009;8(6):740–5.CrossRef

80.

Min J, Weiling Z, Qingzhen Y, Xiling D, Zhengguo Z. The toxicity of four heavy metals on Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarva. J. Shanghai Fisheries Univ. 2002;11(3):203–7.

81.

Tabei Y, Era M, Ogawa A, Morita H. Effects of magnesium sulfate on the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri under nutrient-starved conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(6):1073–8. doi:10.1271/bbb.100880.CrossRefPubMed

82.

O’Shea TM, Deloney-Marino CR, Shibata S, Aizawa S, Wolfe AJ, Visick KL. Magnesium promotes flagellation of Vibrio fischeri. J Bacteriol. 2005;187(6):2058–65. doi:10.1128/JB.187.6.2058-2065.2005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

83.

Ju CH, Yeung PS, Oesterling J, Seigerman DA, Boor KJ. Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth under low-iron conditions and survival under high-magnesium conditions. J Food Prot. 2006;69(5):1040–5.PubMed

84.

De Schryver P, Defoirdt T, Sorgeloos P. Early mortality syndrome outbreaks: a microbial management issue in shrimp farming? PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(4):e1003919. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003919.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

85.

Kondo H, Tinwongger S, Proespraiwong P, Mavichak R, Unajak S, Nozaki R, et al. Draft genome sequences of six strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from early mortality syndrome/acute Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease shrimp in Thailand. Genome Announc. 2014. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00221-14.

86.

Yang YT, Chen IT, Lee CT, Chen CY, Lin SS, Hor LI, et al. Draft genome sequences of four strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus, three of which cause early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp in China and Thailand. Genome Announc. 2014. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00816-14.

Title: Host, pathogen and the environment: the case of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and magnesium
Authors: Suma Tiruvayipati
Subha Bhassu
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Gut Pathogens / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1757-4749
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-016-0097-1

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Host, pathogen and the environment: the case of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and magnesium

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Molecular epidemiology, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spreading in retail chicken meat in Central China

Genome analysis revealed novel genotypes and recombination of the human parechoviruses prevalent in children in Eastern China

Host, pathogen and environment: a bacterial gbpA gene expression study in response to magnesium environment and presence of prawn carapace and commercial chitin

Draft genome sequence of non-shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 NCCP15738

Serotype epidemiology and multidrug resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica infecting humans in Italy

Erratum to: The Salmonella pathogenicity island 13 contributes to pathogenesis in streptomycin pre-treated mice but not in day-old chickens

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page