Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Study protocol

Acute effects of foam rolling on passive tissue stiffness and fascial sliding: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Frieder Krause, Jan Wilke, Daniel Niederer, Lutz Vogt, Winfried Banzer

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Self-myofascial release (SMR) aims to mimic the effects of manual therapy and tackle dysfunctions of the skeletal muscle and connective tissue. It has been shown to induce improvements in flexibility, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In addition to neuronal mechanisms, improved flexibility may be driven by acute morphological adaptations, such as a reduction in passive tissue stiffness or improved movement between fascial layers. The aim of the intended study is to evaluate the acute effects of SMR on the passive tissue stiffness of the anterior thigh muscles and the sliding properties of the associated fasciae.

Methods

In a crossover study design, 16 participants will receive all of the following interventions in a permutated random order: (1) one session of 2 × 60 s of SMR at the anterior thigh, (2) one session of 2 × 60 s of passive static stretching of the anterior thigh and (3) no intervention. Passive tissue stiffness, connective tissue sliding, angle of first stretch sensation, as well as maximal active and passive knee flexion angle, will be evaluated before and directly after each intervention.

Discussion

The results of the intended study will allow a better understanding of, and provide further evidence on, the local effects of SMR techniques and the underlying mechanisms for flexibility improvements.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02919527. Registered on 27 September 2016.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Halperin I, Aboodarda SJ, Button DC, Andersen LL, Behm DG. Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9:92–102.PubMedPubMedCentral Halperin I, Aboodarda SJ, Button DC, Andersen LL, Behm DG. Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9:92–102.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Behara B, Jacobson BH. The acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power and flexibility in Division I Lineman. J Orthop Trauma. 2015. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001051. Behara B, Jacobson BH. The acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power and flexibility in Division I Lineman. J Orthop Trauma. 2015. doi:10.​1519/​JSC.​0000000000001051​.
5.
go back to reference MacDonald GZ, Penney, Michael DH, Mullaley ME, Cuconato AL, Drake, Corey DJ, Behm DG, Button DC. An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:812–21. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bc1.CrossRefPubMed MacDonald GZ, Penney, Michael DH, Mullaley ME, Cuconato AL, Drake, Corey DJ, Behm DG, Button DC. An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:812–21. doi:10.​1519/​JSC.​0b013e31825c2bc1​.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Sullivan KM, Silvey, Dustin BJ, Button DC, Behm DG. Roller-massager application to the hamstrings increases sit-and-reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8:228–36.PubMedPubMedCentral Sullivan KM, Silvey, Dustin BJ, Button DC, Behm DG. Roller-massager application to the hamstrings increases sit-and-reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8:228–36.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Škarabot J, Beardsley C, Stirn I. Comparing the effects of self-myofascial release with static stretching on ankle range-of-motion in adolescent athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10:203–12.PubMedPubMedCentral Škarabot J, Beardsley C, Stirn I. Comparing the effects of self-myofascial release with static stretching on ankle range-of-motion in adolescent athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10:203–12.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self myofascial release using a foam roller or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery and performance: a systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10:827–38.PubMedPubMedCentral Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self myofascial release using a foam roller or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery and performance: a systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10:827–38.PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Kelly S, Beardsley C. Specific and cross-over effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11:544–51.PubMedPubMedCentral Kelly S, Beardsley C. Specific and cross-over effects of foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11:544–51.PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Gleim GW, McHugh MP, Kjaer M. Viscoelastic response to repeated static stretching in the human hamstring muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1995;5:342–7.CrossRefPubMed Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Gleim GW, McHugh MP, Kjaer M. Viscoelastic response to repeated static stretching in the human hamstring muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1995;5:342–7.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Kjaer M. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:622–8.CrossRefPubMed Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Kjaer M. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:622–8.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference McNair PJ, Dombroski EW, Hewson DJ, Stanley SN. Stretching at the ankle joint: viscoelastic responses to holds and continuous passive motion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:354–8.CrossRefPubMed McNair PJ, Dombroski EW, Hewson DJ, Stanley SN. Stretching at the ankle joint: viscoelastic responses to holds and continuous passive motion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:354–8.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Ryan ED, Beck TW, Herda TJ, Hull HR, Hartman MJ, Costa PB, et al. The time course of musculotendinous stiffness responses following different durations of passive stretching. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:632–9. doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.2843.CrossRefPubMed Ryan ED, Beck TW, Herda TJ, Hull HR, Hartman MJ, Costa PB, et al. The time course of musculotendinous stiffness responses following different durations of passive stretching. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:632–9. doi:10.​2519/​jospt.​2008.​2843.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Staubesand J, Li Y. Zum Feinbau der Fascia cruris mit besonderer Berücksichtigung epi- und intrafaszialer Nerven. Manuelle Medizin. 1996;34:196–200. Staubesand J, Li Y. Zum Feinbau der Fascia cruris mit besonderer Berücksichtigung epi- und intrafaszialer Nerven. Manuelle Medizin. 1996;34:196–200.
25.
go back to reference Schleip R, Duerselen L, Vleeming A, Naylor IL, Lehmann-Horn F, Zorn A, et al. Strain hardening of fascia: static stretching of dense fibrous connective tissues can induce a temporary stiffness increase accompanied by enhanced matrix hydration. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2012;16:94–100. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.09.003.CrossRefPubMed Schleip R, Duerselen L, Vleeming A, Naylor IL, Lehmann-Horn F, Zorn A, et al. Strain hardening of fascia: static stretching of dense fibrous connective tissues can induce a temporary stiffness increase accompanied by enhanced matrix hydration. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2012;16:94–100. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jbmt.​2011.​09.​003.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Porter MM, Andersson M, Hellstrom U, Miller M. Passive resistive torque of the plantar flexors following eccentric loading as assessed by isokinetic dynamometry. Can J Appl Physiol. 2002;27:612–7.CrossRefPubMed Porter MM, Andersson M, Hellstrom U, Miller M. Passive resistive torque of the plantar flexors following eccentric loading as assessed by isokinetic dynamometry. Can J Appl Physiol. 2002;27:612–7.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Gajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, Williams AK. Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women. Phys Ther. 1999;79:827–38.PubMed Gajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, Williams AK. Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women. Phys Ther. 1999;79:827–38.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Bressel E, Larsen BT, McNair PJ, Cronin J. Ankle joint proprioception and passive mechanical properties of the calf muscles after an Achilles tendon rupture: a comparison with matched controls. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:284–91. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.008.CrossRef Bressel E, Larsen BT, McNair PJ, Cronin J. Ankle joint proprioception and passive mechanical properties of the calf muscles after an Achilles tendon rupture: a comparison with matched controls. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:284–91. doi:10.​1016/​j.​clinbiomech.​2003.​12.​008.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Araujo VL, Carvalhais VO, Souza TR, Ocarino JM, Goncalves GG, Fonseca ST. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing passive ankle stiffness. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15:166–73.CrossRefPubMed Araujo VL, Carvalhais VO, Souza TR, Ocarino JM, Goncalves GG, Fonseca ST. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing passive ankle stiffness. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15:166–73.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Carvalhais, Viviane Otoni do Carmo, Araújo VLd, Souza TR, Gonçalves GGP, Ocarino JdM, Fonseca ST. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing hip passive stiffness. Manual Therapy. 2011;16:240–5. doi:10.1016/j.math.2010.10.009. Carvalhais, Viviane Otoni do Carmo, Araújo VLd, Souza TR, Gonçalves GGP, Ocarino JdM, Fonseca ST. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing hip passive stiffness. Manual Therapy. 2011;16:240–5. doi:10.​1016/​j.​math.​2010.​10.​009.
34.
36.
go back to reference Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10:361–74.CrossRefPubMed Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10:361–74.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Dilley A, Greening J, Lynn B, Leary R, Morris V. The use of cross-correlation analysis between high-frequency ultrasound images to measure longitudinal median nerve movement. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27:1211–8.CrossRefPubMed Dilley A, Greening J, Lynn B, Leary R, Morris V. The use of cross-correlation analysis between high-frequency ultrasound images to measure longitudinal median nerve movement. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27:1211–8.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Carroll M, Yau J, Rome K, Hing W. Measurement of tibial nerve excursion during ankle joint dorsiflexion in a weight-bearing position with ultrasound imaging. J Foot Ankle Res. 2012;5:1. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-5-5.CrossRef Carroll M, Yau J, Rome K, Hing W. Measurement of tibial nerve excursion during ankle joint dorsiflexion in a weight-bearing position with ultrasound imaging. J Foot Ankle Res. 2012;5:1. doi:10.​1186/​1757-1146-5-5.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Coppieters MW, Hough AD, Dilley A. Different nerve-gliding exercises induce different magnitudes of median nerve longitudinal excursion: an in vivo study using dynamic ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39:164–71. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2913.CrossRefPubMed Coppieters MW, Hough AD, Dilley A. Different nerve-gliding exercises induce different magnitudes of median nerve longitudinal excursion: an in vivo study using dynamic ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39:164–71. doi:10.​2519/​jospt.​2009.​2913.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Ellis RF, Hing WA, McNair PJ. Comparison of longitudinal sciatic nerve movement with different mobilization exercises: an in vivo study utilizing ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42:667–75. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3854.CrossRefPubMed Ellis RF, Hing WA, McNair PJ. Comparison of longitudinal sciatic nerve movement with different mobilization exercises: an in vivo study utilizing ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42:667–75. doi:10.​2519/​jospt.​2012.​3854.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Acute effects of foam rolling on passive tissue stiffness and fascial sliding: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Frieder Krause
Jan Wilke
Daniel Niederer
Lutz Vogt
Winfried Banzer
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1866-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Trials 1/2017 Go to the issue