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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Alterations in arginine and energy metabolism, structural and signalling lipids in metastatic breast cancer in mice detected in plasma by targeted metabolomics and lipidomics

Authors: Kamil Kus, Agnieszka Kij, Agnieszka Zakrzewska, Agnieszka Jasztal, Marta Stojak, Maria Walczak, Stefan Chlopicki

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

The early detection of metastasis based on biomarkers in plasma may improve cancer prognosis and guide treatment. The aim of this work was to characterize alterations in metabolites of the arginine pathway, energy metabolism, and structural and signalling lipids in plasma in the early and late stages of murine breast cancer metastasis.

Methods

Mice were orthotopically inoculated with 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells, and plasma was analysed along the pulmonary metastasis progression using LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics and lipidomics.

Results

Based on primary tumour growth and pulmonary metastases, 1–2 weeks after 4T1 cancer cell inoculation was defined as an early metastatic stage, and 3–4 weeks after 4T1 cancer cell inoculation was defined as a late metastatic stage. Early metastasis was featured in plasma by a shift of L-arginine metabolism towards arginase (increased ornithine/arginine ratio) and polyamine synthesis (increased putrescine). Late metastasis was reflected in plasma by further progression of changes in the arginine pathway with an additional increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine plasma concentration, as well as by a profound energy metabolism reprogramming towards glycolysis, an accelerated pentose phosphate pathway and a concomitant decrease in tricarboxylic cycle rate (“Warburg effect”). The late but not the early phase of metastasis was also characterized by a different lipid profile pattern in plasma, including a decrease in total phosphatidylcholines, a decrease in diester-bound phospholipid fraction and an increase in lysophospholipids associated with an increase in total sphingomyelins.

Conclusions

The early phase of metastasis in murine 4T1 metastatic breast cancer was associated with plasma metabolome changes characteristic of arginase activation and polyamine synthesis. The late metastasis was reflected in plasma not only by the alterations in arginine pathways but also by a shift towards glycolysis and the pentose pathway, remodelling of structural lipids and activation of lipid signalling, all of which coincided with metastasis progression.
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Metadata
Title
Alterations in arginine and energy metabolism, structural and signalling lipids in metastatic breast cancer in mice detected in plasma by targeted metabolomics and lipidomics
Authors
Kamil Kus
Agnieszka Kij
Agnieszka Zakrzewska
Agnieszka Jasztal
Marta Stojak
Maria Walczak
Stefan Chlopicki
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1075-y

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