Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Review

A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide

Authors: Lian-ying Liao, Yi-fan He, Li Li, Hong Meng, Yin-mao Dong, Fan Yi, Pei-gen Xiao

Published in: Chinese Medicine | Issue 1/2018

Abstract

Modern studies have shown that adaptogens can non-specifically enhance the resistance of human body under a wide range of external stress conditions with a multi-targeted and multi-channel network-like manner, especially by affect the immune-neuro-endocrine system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This review article draws the attention to the relationships of adaptogens, tonics from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and ginseng-like herbs worldwide, which all have similar plant sources and clinical applications. To clarify the sources and pharmacological mechanisms of these plant-originated adaptogens, which will provide useful information for the utilization of adaptogens to improve the human health. Meanwhile, the TCMs and the world-wide ginseng-like herbs from each region’s ethnopharmacology will be beneficial modernization and globalization.

Brekhman II, Dardymov IV. New substances of plant origin which increase nonspecific resistance. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1969;9(1):419–30.CrossRef

Mendes FR. Tonic, fortifier and aphrodisiac: adaptogens in the Brazilian folk medicine. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2011;21(4):754–63.CrossRef

Winslow LC, Kroll DJ. Herbs as medicines. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(20):2192–9.PubMedCrossRef

Yance DR, Tabachnik B. Breakthrough solutions in herbal medicine adaptogenic formulas: the way to vitality. Townsend Lett. 2007;282:86–90.

Yance DR. Adaptogens in medical herbalism: elite herbs and natural compounds for mastering stress, aging, and chronic disease. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2013. p. 103–7.

Panossian A, Wikman G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009;4(3):198–219.PubMedCrossRef

Winston D, Maimes S. Adaptogens: herbs for strength, stamina, and stress relief. Rochester: Inner Traditions/Bear & Co; 2007. p. 48–53.

Bhatia N, Jaggi AS, Singh N, Anand P, Dhawan R. Adaptogenic potential of curcumin in experimental chronic stress and chronic unpredictable stress-induced memory deficits and alterations in functional homeostasis. J Nat Med. 2011;65(3–4):532–43.PubMedCrossRef

Gaffney B, Hügel H, Rich P. Panax ginseng and Eleutherococcus senticosus may exaggerate an already existing biphasic response to stress via inhibition of enzymes which limit the binding of stress hormones to their receptors. Med Hypotheses. 2001;56(5):567–72.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Awang D. The anti-stress potential of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 1998;6(2):87–91.CrossRef

11.

Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Pogrebetskaya M, Roychoudhury S, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R. Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;36:311–26.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Liu K, Wang Z, Rong P. Puerarin decoction with cassia twig combined with auricular acupoint plaster and acupuncture in the treatment of 38 tension headache patients. Int J Clin Acupuncture. 2017;26(1):871.

13.

Huang L, Zhao H, Huang B, Zheng C, Peng W, Qin L. Acanthopanax senticosus: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology. Int J Pharm Sci. 2011;66(2):83–97.

14.

Wang J, Gao W, Zhang L, Huang L. Establishment and quality assessment of tissue cultures in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2013;169(2):588–94.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Lu H, Kyo E, Uesaka T, Katoh O, Watanabe H. A water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia suppresses azoxymethane-induction of colon cancers in male F344 rats. Oncol Rep. 2003;10(2):375–9.PubMed

16.

Chen SP, Huang Liu R, Lu TM, Wei JCC, Wu TC, Tsai WY, et al. Complementary usage of Rhodiola crenulata (L.) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: the effects on cytokines and T cells. Phytother Res. 2015;29(4):518–25.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Bhattacharya A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya S. Anti-oxidant effect of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides in chronic footshock stress-induced perturbations of oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat frontal cortex and striatum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;74(1):1–6.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Kropotov A, Kolodnyak O, Koldaev V. Effects of Siberian ginseng extract and ipriflavone on the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133(3):252–4.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (Rejuvenator) of ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8:5S.

20.

Choi YS, Kang EH, Lee EY, Gong HS, Kang HS, Shin K, et al. Joint-protective effects of compound K, a major ginsenoside metabolite, in rheumatoid arthritis: in vitro evidence. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33(8):1981–90.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Razmovski-Naumovski V, Huang TH-W, Tran VH, Li GQ, Duke CC, Roufogalis BD. Chemistry and pharmacology of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Phytochem Rev. 2005;4(2–3):197–219.CrossRef

22.

Ho YW, Yeung JS, Chiu PK, Tang WM, Lin ZB, Man RY, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in activated rheumatoid synovial fibroblast. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007;301(1–2):173–9.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Perfumi M, Mattioli L. Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice. Phytother Res. 2007;21(1):37–43.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Zhu L, Wei H, Wu Y, Yang S, Xiao L, Zhang J, et al. Licorice isoliquiritigenin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents inflammatory bone loss in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44(7):1139–52.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Provalova N, Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Suslov N, Minakova MY, Dygai A, et al. Mechanisms underling the effects of adaptogens on erythropoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133(5):428–32.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Chanana P, Kumar A. GABA-BZD receptor modulating mechanism of Panax quinquefolius against 72-h sleep deprivation induced anxiety like behavior: possible roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

27.

Deshpande A, Irani N, Balakrishnan R. Study protocol and rationale for a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on nonrestorative sleep. Medicine. 2018;97:26.CrossRef

28.

Zhang C, Zhao X, Mao X, Liu A, Liu Z, Li X, et al. Pharmacological evaluation of sedative and hypnotic effects of schizandrin through the modification of pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;744:157–63.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Takemoto T, Arihara S, Nakajima T, Okuhira M. Studies on the constituents of gynostemma-pentaphyllum makino. 1. structures of gypenoside-I-XIV. yakugaku zasshi. J Pharm Soc Japan. 1983;103(2):173–85.CrossRef

30.

Darbinyan V, Aslanyan G, Amroyan E, Gabrielyan E, Malmström C, Panossian A. Clinical trial of Rhodiola rosea L. extract SHR-5 in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nordic J Psychiatry. 2007;61(5):343–8.CrossRef

31.

Panossian A, Wikman G, Kaur P, Asea A. Adaptogens exert a stress-protective effect by modulation of expression of molecular chaperones. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(6–7):617–22.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Provino R. The role of adaptogens in stress management. Aus J Med Herbalism. 2010;22(2):41.

33.

Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2010;19(10):819–38.CrossRef

34.

Panossian A, Wikman G. Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress—protective activity. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(1):188–224.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

35.

Carlini E. Plants and the central nervous system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):501–12.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Mendes FR, Carlini EA. Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;109(3):493–500.PubMedCrossRef

37.

de Oliveira DR, Leitão SG. Fortifier, tonic, and rejuvenating plants and the adaptogen concept. Berlin: Introduction to Ethnobiology: Springer; 2016. p. 151–61.

38.

Arushanyan E. Systemic and cellular mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of plant adaptogens. Vopr Onkol. 2009;55(1):15–23.

39.

Wiegant F, Surinova S, Ytsma E, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Wikman G, Post J. Plant adaptogens increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. Biogerontology. 2009;10(1):27–42.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Iaremenko K. Adaptogens as means of the prevention of malignant tumors. Vopr Onkol. 1989;35(8):912–9.PubMed

41.

Winters M. Ancient medicine, modern use: Withania somnifera and its potential role in integrative oncology. Altern Med Rev. 2006;11:4.

42.

Patel S, Rauf A. Adaptogenic herb ginseng (Panax) as medical food: status quo and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;85:120–7.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Kaur P, Makanjuola VO, Arora R, Singh B, Arora S. Immunopotentiating significance of conventionally used plant adaptogens as modulators in biochemical and molecular signalling pathways in cell mediated processes. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;95:1815–29.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Loo WT, Jin L, Chow LW, Cheung MN, Wang M. Rhodiola algida improves chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in breast cancer patients. Expert Opin Invest Drugs. 2010;19(sup1):S91–100.CrossRef

45.

Barton DL, Soori GS, Bauer BA, Sloan JA, Johnson PA, Figueras C, et al. Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA. Supportive Care Cancer. 2010;18(2):179.CrossRef

46.

Barton DL, Liu H, Dakhil SR, Linquist B, Sloan JA, Nichols CR, et al. Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2. J Natl Cancer Instit. 2013;105(16):1230–8.CrossRef

47.

Mishra L-C, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(4):334–46.PubMed

48.

Chiang H-M, Chen H-C, Wu C-S, Wu P-Y, Wen KC. Rhodiola plants: chemistry and biological activity. J Food Drug Anal. 2015;23(3):359–69.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Treasure J, editor. Herbal medicine and cancer: an introductory overview. Seminars in oncology nursing. New York: Elsevier; 2005.

50.

Tavakoli J, Miar S, Zadehzare MM, Akbari H. Evaluation of effectiveness of herbal medication in cancer care: a review study. Iranian J Cancer Prev. 2012;5(3):144.

51.

Meissner HO, Mscisz A, ReichBilinska H, Mrozikiewicz P, BobkiewiczKozlowska T, Kedzia B, et al. Hormone-Balancing effect of Pre-Gelatinized organic maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (III) clinical responses of early-postmenopausal women to Maca in double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover configuration, outpatient study. Int J Biomed Sci. 2006;2(4):375–94.PubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Chai S, To KK, Lin G. Circumvention of multi-drug resistance of cancer cells by Chinese herbal medicines. Chin Med. 2010;5(1):26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

53.

Yang Z, Wang J-R, Niu T, Gao S, Yin T, You M, et al. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein leads to improved oral bioavailability of compound K, an anticancer metabolite of red ginseng extract produced by gut microflora. Drug Metabol Disposit. 2012;40(8):1538–44.CrossRef

54.

Rehman SU, Choe K, Yoo HH. Review on a traditional herbal medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): its traditional uses, chemistry, evidence-based pharmacology and toxicology. Molecules. 2016;21(3):331.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

55.

Panossian A, Oganessian A, Ambartsumian M, Gabrielian E, Wagner H, Wikman G. Effects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human saliva. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(1):17–26.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Panossian A, Wikman G, Wagner H. Plant adaptogens III. Earlier and more recent aspects and concepts on their mode of action. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(4):287–300.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA. 1992;267(9):1244–52.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5(7):374.PubMedCrossRef

59.

Wardle J, Sarris J. Clinical naturopathy: an evidence-based guide to practice. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.

60.

Panossian A, Hambardzumyan M, Hovhanissyan A, Wikman G. The adaptogens Rhodiola and Schizandra modify the response to immobilization stress in rabbits by suppressing the increase of phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide and cortisol. Drug Target Insights. 2007;2:117739280700200011.CrossRef

61.

Darbinyan V, Kteyan A, Panossian A, Gabrielian E, Wikman G, Wagner H. Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue—a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine. 2000;7(5):365–71.PubMedCrossRef

62.

Unschuld PU. Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen Nature, Knowledge, Imagery in an Ancient Chinese Medical Text: With an Appendix: The Doctrine of the Five Periods and Six Qi in the Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen. California: Univ of California Press; 2003.

63.

Gao S-M, Liu J-S, Wang M, Cao T-T, Qi Y-D, Zhang B-G, et al. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;219:50–70.PubMedCrossRef

64.

Xie J-H, Jin M-L, Morris GA, Zha X-Q, Chen H-Q, Yi Y, et al. Advances on bioactive polysaccharides from medicinal plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(sup1):S60–84.PubMedCrossRef

65.

Asl MN, Hosseinzadeh HJP, Derivatives TEoNP. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res. 2008;22(6):709–24.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

66.

Lin L, Ni B, Lin H, Zhang M, Li X, Yin X, et al. Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;159:158–83.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Parker S, May B, Zhang C, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC. A pharmacological review of bioactive constituents of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Paeonia veitchii Lynch. Phytother Res. 2016;30(9):1445–73.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Donnapee S, Li J, Yang X, A-h Ge, Donkor PO, X-m Gao, et al. Cuscuta chinensis Lam.: a systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional herbal medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;157:292–308.PubMedCrossRef

69.

Chen X-J, Tang Z-H, Li X-W, Xie C-X, Lu J-J, Wang Y-T. Chemical constituents, quality control, and bioactivity of Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo). Am J Chin Med. 2015;43(05):783–834.PubMedCrossRef

70.

Chopra B, Dhingra AK, Dhar KLJF. Psoralea corylifolia L. (Buguchi)—folklore to modern evidence. Fitoterapia. 2013;90:44–56.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Cui Z, Guo Z, Miao J, Wang Z, Li Q, Chai X, et al. The genus Cynomorium in China: an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;147(1):1–15.PubMedCrossRef

72.

Negi J, Singh P, Joshi G, Rawat M, Bisht V. Chemical constituents of Asparagus. Pharmacognosy Rev. 2010;4(8):215.CrossRef

73.

Chen M-H, Chen X-J, Wang M, Lin L-G, Wang Y-TJJ. Ophiopogon japonicus—a phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;181:193–213.PubMedCrossRef

74.

Zhao P, Zhao C, Li X, Gao Q, Huang L, Xiao P, et al. The genus Polygonatum: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;214:274–91.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Gao L, Li C, Wang Z, Liu X, You Y, Wei H, et al. Ligustri Lucidi Fructus as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat Product Res. 2015;29(6):493–510.CrossRef

76.

Huang J, Zhang Y, Dong L, Gao Q, Yin L, Quan H, et al. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;213:280–301.PubMedCrossRef

77.

Yao X, Peng Y, Xu LJ, Li L, Wu QL, Xiao PG. Phytochemical and biological studies of Lycium medicinal plants. Chem Biodiver. 2011;8(6):976–1010.CrossRef

78.

Panossian AG. Adaptogens: tonic herbs for fatigue and stress. Altern Complement Ther. 2003;9(6):327–31.CrossRef

79.

Li H, Liu S-Y, Wang B. Progress of the regulation effect of ginsenosides on HPA axis. Yao xue xue bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 2014;49(5):569–75.PubMed

80.

You J, Roh KB, Li Z, Liu G, Tang J, Shin S, et al. The antiaging properties of Andrographis paniculata by activation epidermal cell stemness. Molecules. 2015;20(9):17557–69.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

81.

Zhu Y-P. Chinese materia medica: chemistry, pharmacology and applications. New York: CRC Press; 1998. p. 24–8.

82.

Ng T. Pharmacological activity of sanchi ginseng (Panax notoginseng). J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006;58(8):1007–19.PubMedCrossRef

83.

Yeng C, Wai-Mei P, Alan K-WM, Choon-Keat C, Bin-Seng L, Sreenivasan S, et al. Decreased expression of alpha-2-HS glycoprotein in the sera of rats treated with Eurycoma longifolia extract. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6(211):1–6.

84.

Yang W-z HuY, W-y Wu, Ye M, Guo D-A. Saponins in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae): a systematic review of their chemical diversity. Phytochemistry. 2014;106:7–24.PubMedCrossRef

85.

Wang T, Guo R, Zhou G, Zhou X, Kou Z, Sui F, et al. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) FH Chen: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;188:234–58.PubMedCrossRef

86.

Zabelinskaja-Mackova AA. Ginseng as panacea: its chemical composition and physiological influence.

87.

Huang L-Z, Huang B-K, Ye Q, Qin L-P. Bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(1):213–9.PubMedCrossRef

88.

Özdemir Z, Bildziukevich U, Wimmerová M, Macůrková A, Lovecká P, Wimmer Z. Plant adaptogens: natural medicaments for 21st century? ChemistrySelect. 2018;3(7):2196–214.CrossRef

89.

Costa C, Quaglio A, Di Stasi LJJ. Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) extract modulates Mapk and mucin pathways in intestinal inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;213:21–5.PubMedCrossRef

90.

Gonzales GF. Ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a plant from the Peruvian highlands. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2012;2012:193496.CrossRef

91.

Xia C, Chen J, Deng J-L, Zhu Y-Q, Li W-Y, Jie B, et al. Novel macamides from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) root and their cytotoxicity. Phytochem Lett. 2018;25:65–9.CrossRef

92.

Ramos MPO, Silva GDDF, Duarte LP, Peres V, Miranda RRS, Souza GHBD, et al. Antinociceptive and edematogenic activity and chemical constituents of Talinum paniculatum Willd. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010;2(6):265–74.

93.

Reis LFD, Cerdeira CD, Paula BF, Silva JJD, Coelho LF, Silva MA, et al. Chemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and cytotoxic activities of Talinum paniculatum. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 2015;57(5):397–405.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

94.

Singh N, Nath R, Lata A, Singh S, Kohli R, Bhargava K. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), a rejuvenating herbal drug which enhances survival during stress (an adaptogen). Int J Crude Drug Res. 1982;20(1):29–35.CrossRef

95.

Panossian A. Understanding adaptogenic activity: specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017;1401(1):49–64.PubMedCrossRef

96.

Maslova L, Kondrat’ev B, Maslov L, Lishmanov I. The cardioprotective and antiadrenergic activity of an extract of Rhodiola rosea in stress. Eksperimental’naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia. 1994;57(6):61–3.PubMed

97.

Spasov AA, Wikman GK, Mandrikov VB, Mironova IA, Neumoin VV. A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low-dose regimen. Phytomedicine. 2000;7(2):85–9.PubMedCrossRef

98.

Verma S, Rajeevan V, Bordia A, Jain V. Greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)—a cardio-adaptogen against physical stress. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2010;4(2):55–8.

99.

Bhattacharya S, Muruganandam A. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):547–55.PubMedCrossRef

Title: A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide
Authors: Lian-ying Liao
Yi-fan He
Li Li
Hong Meng
Yin-mao Dong
Fan Yi
Pei-gen Xiao
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Chinese Medicine / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1749-8546
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0214-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

A preliminary review of studies on adaptogens: comparison of their bioactivity in TCM with that of ginseng-like herbs used worldwide

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Comparing the antidiabetic effects and chemical profiles of raw and fermented Chinese Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian decoction by integrating untargeted metabolomics and targeted analysis

Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino inhibits Pam3CSK4-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages through suppressing TLR1/TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation

The antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of flavonoids dominated by the number and location of phenolic hydroxyl groups

Blood and urinary metabolomic evidence validating traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder

Ginsenoside G-Rh2 synergizes with SMI-4a in anti-melanoma activity through autophagic cell death

Pharmacological effects of medicinal components of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.