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Open Access 01-12-2022 | Epigenetics | Review

The mechanisms and cross-protection of trained innate immunity

Authors: Shiwei Hu, Danhong Xiang, Xinlu Zhang, Lan Zhang, Shengjie Wang, Keyi Jin, Liangshun You, Jian Huang

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

In recent years, the traditional cognition of immunological memory being specific to adaptive immunity has been challenged. Innate immunity can mount enhanced responsiveness upon secondary stimulation, and a phenomenon is termed trained innate immunity. Trained innate immunity is orchestrated by distinct metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in both circulating myeloid cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow, leading to long-term resistance to related and non-related pathogens infections. The induction of trained innate immunity can also polarize innate immune cells towards a hyperresponsive phenotype in the tumor microenvironment to exert antitumor effects. This review will discuss the current understanding of innate immune memory and the mechanisms during the induction of innate immunity, including signaling pathways, metabolic changes, and epigenetic rewriting. We also provide an overview of cross-protection against infectious diseases and cancers based on trained innate immunity.

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Title: The mechanisms and cross-protection of trained innate immunity
Authors: Shiwei Hu
Danhong Xiang
Xinlu Zhang
Lan Zhang
Shengjie Wang
Keyi Jin
Liangshun You
Jian Huang
Publication date: 01-12-2022
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Epigenetics
Published in: Virology Journal / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01937-5

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