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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Elastic band resistance training influences transforming growth factor-ß receptor I mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of institutionalised older adults: the Vienna Active Ageing Study (VAAS)

Authors: Barbara Schober-Halper, Marlene Hofmann, Stefan Oesen, Bernhard Franzke, Thomas Wolf, Eva-Maria Strasser, Norbert Bachl, Michael Quittan, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Barbara Wessner

Published in: Immunity & Ageing | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Background

Ageing, inactivity and obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation contributing to a variety of lifestyle-related diseases. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multimodal protein with various cellular functions ranging from tissue remodelling to the regulation of inflammation and immune functions. While it is generally accepted that aerobic exercise exerts beneficial effects on several aspects of immune functions, even in older adults, the effect of resistance training remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether progressive resistance training (6 months) with or without nutritional supplementation (protein and vitamins) would influence circulating C-reactive protein and TGF-β levels as well as TGF-β signalling in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of institutionalised adults with a median age of 84.5 (65.0–97.4) years.

Results

Elastic band resistance training significantly improved performance as shown by the arm-lifting test (p = 0.007), chair stand test (p = 0.001) and 6-min walking test (p = 0.026). These results were paralleled by a reduction in TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) mRNA expression in PBMCs (p = 0.006), while circulating inflammatory markers were unaffected. Protein and vitamin supplementation did not provoke any additional effects. Interestingly, muscular endurance of upper and lower body and aerobic performance at baseline were negatively associated with changes in circulating TGF-β at the early phase of the study. Furthermore, drop-outs of the study were characterised not only by lower physical performance but also higher TGF-β and TGF-βRI mRNA expression, and lower miRNA-21 expression.

Conclusions

Progressive resistance training with elastic bands did not influence chronic low-grade inflammation but potentially affected TGF-β signalling in PBMCs through altered TGF-βRI mRNA expression. There appears to be an association between physical performance and TGF-β expression in PBMCs of older adults, in which the exact mechanisms need to be clarified.

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Title: Elastic band resistance training influences transforming growth factor-ß receptor I mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of institutionalised older adults: the Vienna Active Ageing Study (VAAS)
Authors: Barbara Schober-Halper
Marlene Hofmann
Stefan Oesen
Bernhard Franzke
Thomas Wolf
Eva-Maria Strasser
Norbert Bachl
Michael Quittan
Karl-Heinz Wagner
Barbara Wessner
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Immunity & Ageing / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1742-4933
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0077-9

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