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Journal of Translational Medicine
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Denture | Research

Profiling the Salivary microbiome of the Qatari population

Authors: Selvasankar Murugesan, Sara Fahad Al Ahmad, Parul Singh, Marwa Saadaoui, Manoj Kumar, Souhaila Al Khodor

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

The role of the human microbiome in human health and disease has been studied in various body sites. However, compared to the gut microbiome, where most of the research focus is, the salivary microbiome still bears a vast amount of information that needs to be revealed. This study aims to characterize the salivary microbiome composition in the Qatari population, and to explore specific microbial signatures that can be associated with various lifestyles and different oral conditions.

Materials and methods

We characterized the salivary microbiome of 997 Qatari adults using high-throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

In this study, we have characterized the salivary microbiome of 997 Qatari participants. Our data show that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria are the common phyla isolated from the saliva samples, with Bacteroidetes being the most predominant phylum. Bacteroidetes was also more predominant in males versus females in the study cohort, although differences in the microbial diversity were not statistically significant. We also show that, a lower diversity of the salivary microbiome is observed in the elderly participants, with Prevotella and Treponema being the most significant genera. In participants with oral conditions such as mouth ulcers, bleeding or painful gum, our data show that Prevotella and Capnocytophaga are the most dominant genera as compared to the controls. Similar patterns were observed in participants with various smoking habits as compared to the non-smoking participants. Our data show that Streptococcus and Neisseria are more dominant among denture users, as compared to the non-denture users. Our data also show that, abnormal oral conditions are associated with a reduced microbial diversity and microbial richness. Moreover, in this study we show that frequent coffee drinkers have higher microbial diversity compared to the non-drinkers, indicating that coffee may cause changes to the salivary microbiome. Furthermore, tea drinkers show higher microbial richness as compared to the non-tea drinkers.

Conclusion

This is the first study to assess the salivary microbiome in an Arab population, and one of the largest population-based studies aiming to the characterize the salivary microbiome composition and its association with age, oral health, denture use, smoking and coffee-tea consumption.
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Metadata
Title
Profiling the Salivary microbiome of the Qatari population
Authors
Selvasankar Murugesan
Sara Fahad Al Ahmad
Parul Singh
Marwa Saadaoui
Manoj Kumar
Souhaila Al Khodor
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02291-2

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