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BMC Medicine
Published in: BMC Medicine 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Tuberculosis | Research article

A scoping review of health-related stigma outcomes for high-burden diseases in low- and middle-income countries

Authors: Jeremy C. Kane, Melissa A. Elafros, Sarah M. Murray, Ellen M. H. Mitchell, Jura L. Augustinavicius, Sara Causevic, Stefan D. Baral

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Stigma is associated with health conditions that drive disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including HIV, tuberculosis, mental health problems, epilepsy, and substance use disorders. However, the literature discussing the relationship between stigma and health outcomes is largely fragmented within disease-specific siloes, thus limiting the identification of common moderators or mechanisms through which stigma potentiates adverse health outcomes as well as the development of broadly relevant stigma mitigation interventions.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review to provide a critical overview of the breadth of research on stigma for each of the five aforementioned conditions in LMICs, including their methodological strengths and limitations.

Results

Across the range of diseases and disorders studied, stigma is associated with poor health outcomes, including help- and treatment-seeking behaviors. Common methodological limitations include a lack of prospective studies, non-representative samples resulting in limited generalizability, and a dearth of data on mediators and moderators of the relationship between stigma and health outcomes.

Conclusions

Implementing effective stigma mitigation interventions at scale necessitates transdisciplinary longitudinal studies that examine how stigma potentiates the risk for adverse outcomes for high-burden health conditions in community-based samples in LMICs.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
A scoping review of health-related stigma outcomes for high-burden diseases in low- and middle-income countries
Authors
Jeremy C. Kane
Melissa A. Elafros
Sarah M. Murray
Ellen M. H. Mitchell
Jura L. Augustinavicius
Sara Causevic
Stefan D. Baral
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1250-8

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Accuracy in detecting inadequate research reporting by early career peer reviewers using an online CONSORT-based peer-review tool (COBPeer) versus the usual peer-review process: a cross-sectional diagnostic study