Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Apical periodontitis: preliminary assessment of microbiota by 16S rRNA high throughput amplicon target sequencing

Authors: Federico Mussano, Ilario Ferrocino, Natalija Gavrilova, Tullio Genova, Alessandro Dell’Acqua, Luca Cocolin, Stefano Carossa

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Apical periodontitis includes periapical granulomas and radicular cysts, which are histologically distinguished by the absence and the presence of an epithelial lining, respectively. The main cause of apical periodontitis is the bacterial colonization of the root canal space. This research aimed at assessing whether and how periapical granulomas and radicular cysts differ in terms of microbiota using high throughput amplicon target sequencing (HTS) techniques.

Methods

This study included 5 cases of Periapical Granulomas (PGs) and 5 cases of Radicular Cysts (RCs) selected on the base of histology out of 37 patients from January 2015 to February 2016. Complete medical history, panoramic radiograms (OPTs) and histologic records of each patient were assessed. Only lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter and developed in proximity to teeth with bad prognosis were included. The microbiota present in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts thus retrieved was finely characterized by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes.

Results

The core of OTUs shared between periapical granulomas and radicular cysts was dominated by the presence of facultative anaerobes taxa such as: Lactococcus lactis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus warneri, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Gemellales. L. lactis, the main OTUs of the entire datasets, was associated with periapical granuloma samples. Consistently with literature, the anaerobic taxa detected were most abundant in radicular cyst samples. Indeed, a higher abundance of presumptive predicted metabolic pathways related to Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was found in radicular cyst samples.

Conclusions

The present pilot study confirmed the different microbial characterization of the two main apical periodontitis types and shade light on the possible role of L. lactis in periapical granulomas.
Literature
1.
Lin LM, Huang GT-J, Rosenberg PA. Proliferation of epithelial cell rests, formation of apical cysts, and regression of apical cysts after periapical wound healing. J Endod. 2007;33:908–16.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Poswar FDO, Farias LC, Fraga CADC, Bambirra W, Brito-Júnior M, Sousa-Neto MD, et al. Bioinformatics, interaction network analysis, and neural networks to characterize gene expression of radicular cyst and periapical granuloma. J Endod. 2015;41:877–83.CrossRef
3.
4.
Schulz M, von Arx T, Altermatt HJ, Bosshardt D. Histology of periapical lesions obtained during apical surgery. J Endod. 2009;35:634–42.CrossRefPubMed
5.
6.
7.
Ramachandran Nair PN, Pajarola G, Schroeder HE. Types and incidence of human periapical lesions obtained with extracted teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;81:93–102.CrossRefPubMed
8.
López FU, Kopper PMP, Cucco C, Della Bona A, de Figueiredo JAP, Vier-Pelisser FV. Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography in apical periodontitis diagnosis. J Endod. 2014;40:2057–60.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Alcantara BAR, de Carli ML, Beijo LA, Pereira AAC, Hanemann JAC. Correlation between inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial lining in 214 cases of periapical cysts. Braz Oral Res. 2013;27:490–5.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Tavares PBL, Bonte E, Boukpessi T, Siqueira JF, Lasfargues J-J. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in root canal–treated teeth from an urban french population: Influence of the quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations. J Endod. 2009;35:810–3.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Song M, Kim H-C, Lee W, Kim E. Analysis of the cause of failure in nonsurgical endodontic treatment by microscopic inspection during endodontic microsurgery. J Endod. 2011;37:1516–9.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1965;20:340–9.CrossRef
13.
Ricucci D, Pascon EA, Pitt Ford TR, Langeland K. Epithelium and bacteria in periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101:239–49.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Alves FRFF, Silva MG. Bacteria in the apical root canal of teeth with primary apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:721–6.CrossRefPubMed
15.
De Filippis F, Parente E, Ercolini D. Metagenomics insights into food fermentations. Microb Biotechnol. 2017;10:91–102.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Li L, Hsiao WWL, Nandakumar R, Barbuto SM, Mongodin EF, Paster BJ, et al. Analyzing endodontic infections by deep coverage pyrosequencing. J Dent Res. 2010;89:980–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
De Filippis F, Vannini L, La Storia A, Laghi L, Piombino P, Stellato G, et al. The same microbiota and a potentially discriminant metabolome in the saliva of omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan individuals. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112373.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2010;7:335–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
20.
21.
Langille MGI, Zaneveld J, Caporaso JG, McDonald D, Knights D, Reyes J, et al. Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31:814–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Ferrocino I, Greppi A, La Storia A, Rantsiou K, Ercolini D, Cocolin L. Impact of nisin-activated packaging on microbiota of beef burgers during storage. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016;82:549–59.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Luo W, Friedman MS, Shedden K, Hankenson KD, Woolf PJ. GAGE: Generally applicable gene set enrichment for pathway analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10:161.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Kopitar AN, Ihan Hren NIA. Commensal oral bacteria antigens prime human dendritic cells to induce Th1, Th2 or T reg differentiation. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2006;21:1–5.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Tseng SK, Tsai YL, Li UM, Jeng JH. Radicular cyst with actinomycotic infection in an upper anterior tooth. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108:808–13.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Wayman BE, Murata SM, Almeida RJ, Fowler CB. A bacteriological and histological evaluation of 58 periapical lesions. J Endod. 1992;18:152–5.CrossRefPubMed
27.
28.
Gomes NR, Diniz MG, Pereira TD, Estrela C, de Macedo Farias L, de BAB A, et al. Actinomyces israelii in radicular cysts: A molecular study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2017;123:586–90.CrossRef
29.
Shibasaki M, Iwai T, Chikumaru H, Mitsudo K, Inayama Y, Tohnai I. Actinomyces-associated calcifications in a Dentigerous cyst of the mandible. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24:e311–4.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Kaplan I, Anavi K, Anavi Y, Calderon S, Schwartz-Arad D, Teicher S, et al. The clinical spectrum of Actinomyces-associated lesions of the oral mucosa and jawbones: Correlations with histomorphometric analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:738–46.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Iatrou IA, Legakis N, Ioannidou E, Patrikiou A. Anaerobic bacteria in jaw cysts. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988;26:62–9.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Nair PNR, Sundqvist G, Sjögren U. Experimental evidence supports the abscess theory of development of radicular cysts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106:294–303.CrossRefPubMed
33.
34.
Ordiz MI, May TD, Mihindukulasuriya K, Martin J, Crowley J, Tarr PI, et al. The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. Microbiome. 2015;3:37.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Meghji S, Qureshi W, Henderson B, Harris M. The role of endotoxin and cytokines in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts. Arch Oral Biol. 1996;41:523–31.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Apical periodontitis: preliminary assessment of microbiota by 16S rRNA high throughput amplicon target sequencing
Authors
Federico Mussano
Ilario Ferrocino
Natalija Gavrilova
Tullio Genova
Alessandro Dell’Acqua
Luca Cocolin
Stefano Carossa
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0520-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

BMC Oral Health 1/2018 Go to the issue

Research article

Characterization of oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils in periodontitis patients: a case-control study

Research article

The effects of at-home whitening on patients’ oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception

Debate

Person-centered care model in dentistry

Research article

Rapid urease test (RUT) for evaluation of urease activity in oral bacteria in vitro and in supragingival dental plaque ex vivo

Case report

Manufacturing of an immediate removable partial denture with an intraoral scanner and CAD-CAM technology: a case report

Research article

A cross-sectional study on the association between vitamin D levels and caries in the permanent dentition of Korean children