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Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge

Authors: Yousef Al-Saleh, Nasser M Al-Daghri, Nasiruddin Khan, Hanan Alfawaz, Abdulaziz M Al-Othman, Majed S Alokail, George P Chrousos

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rising unexpectedly in every age group. Apart from several risk factors, the lack of awareness is posing a serious threat for low vitamin D levels in children as well. The aim of our study was to compare the knowledge and status of vitamin D in Saudi school children.

Methods

Saudi students, 1188 boys (15.1 ± 2.2 years) and 1038 girls (15.1 ± 2.0 years), were recruited and a pre-designed questionnaire with regards to knowledge about vitamin D was administered. Blood samples were collected and serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D was measured.

Results

A significantly higher percentage of boys answered correctly than girls regarding knowledge questions as sun exposure (p = 0.002, and 0.011), breastfeeding (p < 0.001) and diseases (p < 0.001). The percentage of girls was significantly higher who thought that fruits and vegetables are not rich sources of vitamin D (24.7% girls vs. 15.4% boys; p < 0.001and 29.6% girls vs. 20.9% boys p < 0.001), respectively. Boys had a higher prevalence and frequency of sun exposure than girls (p < 0.001 for both). Girls showed a significantly higher percentage of sunscreen use and full covering during sun exposure (p = 0.001 for both).Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in girls than boys (47.0% versus 19.4.0%; p < 0.001). Vitamin D status in boys was significantly higher than girls (p < 0.001). In girls, those who answered correctly about vitamin D related disease (p = 0.03) and sources (p = 0.015), demonstrated significantly higher vitamin D levels.

Conclusions

The awareness of vitamin D and sunlight in children needs to be improved by provision of trained physicians and school teachers. Creating more areas where girls can uncover freely during routine works and outdoor activities will help increase their vitamin D levels.

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Title: Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge
Authors: Yousef Al-Saleh
Nasser M Al-Daghri
Nasiruddin Khan
Hanan Alfawaz
Abdulaziz M Al-Othman
Majed S Alokail
George P Chrousos
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0369-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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