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BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2021

01-12-2021 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Research

Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens

Authors: Anderson José Gonçalves, Marcus Vinícius Almeida Braga, Pedro Henrique Santana, Luiz Antônio Pertilli Rodrigues Resende, Valdo José Dias da Silva, Dalmo Correia

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in HIV+ patients on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens has been described. We aimed to characterize parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate with different classes of ART in HIV+ patients in three experimental conditions: rest, cold face, and tilt tests.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with three groups of age- and gender-matched individuals: group 1, 44 HIV+ patients undergoing combination therapy, with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); group 2, 42 HIV+ patients using two NRTI and protease inhibitors (PI’s); and group 3, 35 healthy volunteers with negative HIV serology (control group). Autonomic function at rest and during cold face- and tilt-tests was assessed through computerized analysis of HRV, via quantification of time- and frequency domains by linear and non-linear parameters in the three groups.

Results

Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between both HIV groups, except CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.039). At baseline, time-domain linear HRV parameters, RMSSD and pNN50, and the correlation dimension, a non-linear HRV parameter (p < 0.001; p = 0.018; p = 0.019, respectively), as well as response of RMSSD to cold face test were also lower in the HIV+ group than in the control individuals (p < 0.001), while no differences among groups were detected in HRV parameters during the tilt test.

Conclusions

Despite ART regimens, HIV+ patients presented lower cardiac vagal modulation than controls, whereas no difference was observed among the HIV groups, suggesting that higher cardiovascular risk linked to PIs may be associated with factors other than autonomic dysfunction.
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Metadata
Title
Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens
Authors
Anderson José Gonçalves
Marcus Vinícius Almeida Braga
Pedro Henrique Santana
Luiz Antônio Pertilli Rodrigues Resende
Valdo José Dias da Silva
Dalmo Correia
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06648-w

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