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BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Research article

Immune escape mutations in HIV-1 controllers in the Brazilian Amazon region

Authors: Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes, Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras, Érica Ribeiro Gomes, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior, Janaína Mota de Vasconcelos Massafra, Poliana da Silva Lemos, João Lídio Vianez Júnior, Ricardo Ishak, Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is characterized by high viral replication and a decrease in CD4+ T cells (CD4+TC), resulting in AIDS, which can lead to death. In elite controllers and viremia controllers, viral replication is naturally controlled, with maintenance of CD4+TC levels without the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

The aim of the present study was to describe virological and immunological risk factors among HIV-1-infected individuals according to characteristics of progression to AIDS. The sample included 30 treatment-naive patients classified into three groups based on infection duration (> 6 years), CD4+TC count and viral load: (i) 2 elite controllers (ECs), (ii) 7 viremia controllers (VCs) and (iii) 21 nonviremia controllers (NVCs). Nested PCR was employed to amplify the virus genome, which was later sequenced using the Ion PGM platform for subtyping and analysis of immune escape mutations.

Results

Viral samples were classified as HIV-1 subtypes B and F. Greater selection pressure on mutations was observed in the group of viremia controllers, with a higher frequency of immunological escape mutations in the genes investigated, including two new mutations in gag. The viral sequences of viremia controllers and nonviremia controllers did not differ significantly regarding the presence of immune escape mutations.

Conclusion

The results suggest that progression to AIDS is not dependent on a single variable but rather on a set of characteristics and pressures exerted by virus biology and interactions with immunogenetic host factors.
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Metadata
Title
Immune escape mutations in HIV-1 controllers in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors
Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
Érica Ribeiro Gomes
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior
Janaína Mota de Vasconcelos Massafra
Poliana da Silva Lemos
João Lídio Vianez Júnior
Ricardo Ishak
Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05268-0

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