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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

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Open Access 01-12-2019 | Ventricular Septal Defect | Research article

Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis

Authors: Y. Q. Xia, K. N. Zhao, A. D. Zhao, J. Z. Zhu, H. F. Hong, Y. L. Wang, S. H. Li

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

Evidences regarding the associations between maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. This study was specifically designed to examine the associations by a case-control study and a meta-analysis of the published evidences and our finding.

Methods

A hospital-based case-control study involving 262 children with simple CHD and 262 children with complex CHD, along with 262 control children, was conducted through June, 2016 to December, 2017. All children were aged 0–2 years old. Furthermore, a meta-analysis based on both previously published studies and our case-control study was performed.

Results

In the case-control study, after adjusting for possible confounders, maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of CHD (OR = 3.40 and 95% CI: 2.05–5.62 for simple CHD; OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.47–3.88 for complex CHD). After a meta-analysis, the adverse impact was still kept significant (OR = 1.47 and 95% CI: 1.28–1.67 for simple CHD; OR = 1.44 and 95% CI: 1.14–1.75 for complex CHD). The very similar associations were also observed among single type of CHD, herein, ventricular septal defects (VSD) and tetralogy of fallot (TOF) in the case-control study. In the subsequent meta-analysis, however, the significant association only existed in VSD.

Conclusions

Although there is still conflicting in TOF, the results are overall consistent, which provide new enforced evidence that maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy, in general, play an important role in the occurrence of CHD.

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Title: Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis
Authors: Y. Q. Xia
K. N. Zhao
A. D. Zhao
J. Z. Zhu
H. F. Hong
Y. L. Wang
S. H. Li
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Ventricular Septal Defect
Influenza
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ventricular Septal Defect
Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1206-0

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Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis

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Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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