Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Review

Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction in elderly: blood pressure management for this global burden

Authors: Marijana Tadic, Cesare Cuspidi, Dagmara Hering

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Arterial hypertension and stroke are strong independent risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Persistently elevated blood pressure (BP) is known to impair cognitive function, however onset of new cognitive decline is common following a large and multiple mini strokes. Among various forms of dementia the most prevalent include Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) which often present with similar clinical symptoms and challenging diagnosis. While hypertension is the most important modifiable vascular risk factor with antihypertensive therapy reducing the risk of stroke and potentially slowing cognitive decline, optimal BP levels for maintaining an ideal age-related mental performance are yet to be established. Cognition has improved following the use of at least one representative agent of the major drug classes with further neuroprotection with renin angiotensin inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in the hypertensive elderly. However, a reduction in BP may worsen cerebral perfusion causing an increased risk of CV complications due to the J-curve phenomenon. Given the uncertainties and conflicting results from randomized trials regarding the hypertension management in the elderly, particularly octogenarians, antihypertensive approaches are primarily based on expert opinion. Herein, we summarize available data linking arterial hypertension to cognitive decline and antihypertensive approach with potential benefits in improving cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients.
Literature
1.
Shapiro AP, Miller RE, King E, Gincherreau EH, Fitzgibbon K. Behavioral consequences of mild hypertension. Hypertension. 1982;4:355–60.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Scherr PA, Hebert LE, Smith LA, Evans DA. Relation of blood pressure to cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134:1303–15.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Plassman BL, Williams JW, Burke JR, Holsinger T, Benjamin S. Systematic review: factors associated with risk for and possible prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:182–93.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Daviglus ML, Bell CC, Berrettini W, Bowen PE, Connolly ES, Cox NJ, et al. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: preventing Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:176–81.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Gorelick PB, Nyenhuis D, American Society of Hypertension Writing Group, Materson BJ, Calhoun DA, Elliott WJ, Phillips RA, Taler SJ, Townsend RR. Blood pressure and treatment of persons with hypertension as it relates to cognitive outcomes including executive function. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6(5):309–15.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Wimo A, Jönsson L, Bond J, Prince M, Winblad B, Alzheimer Disease International. The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(1):1–11.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2001;15:169–73.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Mayeux R, Paik M, Stern Y, Sano M, Remien RH, Williams JB, Mohr JP, Hauser WA, et al. Dementia after stroke: baseline frequency, risks, and clinical features in a hospitalized cohort. Neurology. 1992;42:1185–93.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Pendlebury ST, Rothwell PM. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(11):1006–18.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Prencipe M, Ferretti C, Casini AR, Santini M, Giubilei F, Culasso F. Stroke, disability, and dementia: results of a population survey. Stroke. 1997;28:531–6.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Linden T, Skoog I, Fagerberg B, Steen B, Blomstrand C. Cognitive impairment and dementia 20 months after stroke. Neuroepidemiology. 2004;23:45–52.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Douiri A, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD. Prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment: South London Stroke Register 1995–2010. Stroke. 2013;44(1):138–45.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease: the Nun study. JAMA. 1997;277:813–7.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Tsai CF, Anderson N, Thomas B, Sudlow CL. Risk factors for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in Chinese vs. Caucasians: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2015;10(4):485–93.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Elias MF, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Cobb J, White LR. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138:353–64.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia aging study. JAMA. 1995;274:1846–51.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Glynn RJ, Beckett LA, Hebert LE, Morris MC, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Current and remote blood pressure and cognitive decline. JAMA. 1999;281:438–45.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Weidung B, Littbrand H, Nordström P, Carlberg B, Gustafson Y. The association between SBP and mortality risk differs with level of cognitive function in very old individuals. J Hypertens. 2016;34(4):745–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Ogliari G, Westendorp RG, Muller M, Mari D, Torresani E, Felicetta I, Lucchi T, Rossi PD, Sabayan B, de Craen AJ. Blood pressure and 10-year mortality risk in the Milan Geriatrics 75+ Cohort Study: role of functional and cognitive status. Age Ageing. 2015;44(6):932–7.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Mossello E, Pieraccioli M, Nesti N, Bulgaresi M, Lorenzi C, Caleri V, Tonon E, Cavallini MC, Baroncini C, Di Bari M, Baldasseroni S, Cantini C, Biagini CA, Marchionni N, Ungar A. Effects of low blood pressure in cognitively impaired elderly patients treated with antihypertensive drugs. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(4):578–85.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Farmer ME, Kittner SJ, Abbott RD, Wolz MM, Wolf PA, White LR. Longitudinally measured blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and cognitive performance: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:475–80.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zhu L, Viitanen M, Guo ZC, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Blood pressure reduction, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline in the mini-mental state examination in a community population of normal very old people: a three-year follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51:385–91.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ. 2001;322:1447–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347:1141–5.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21:49–55.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Ninomiya T, Ohara T, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, Doi Y, Hata J, Kanba S, Iwaki T, Kiyohara Y. Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: the Hisayama study. Hypertension. 2011;58(1):22–8.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Ronnemaa E, Zethelius B, Lannfelt L, Kilander L. Vascular risk factors and dementia: 40-year follow-up of a populationbased cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;31(6):460–6.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Laitala VS, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Raiha I, Rinne JO, Silventoinen K. Association and causal relationship of midlife obesity and related metabolic disorders with old age cognition. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011;8(6):699–706.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Gottesman RF, Schneider AL, Albert M, Alonso A, Bandeen-Roche K, Coker L, Coresh J, Knopman D, Power MC, Rawlings A, Sharrett AR, Wruck LM, Mosley TH. Midlife hypertension and 20-year cognitive change: the atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(10):1218–27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Morris MC, Scherr PA, Hebert LE, Glynn RJ, Bennett DA, Evans DA. Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1640–6.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kuslansky G, Katz MJ. Low blood pressure the risk of dementia in very old individuals. Neurology. 2003;61:1667–72.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Molander L, Gustafson Y, Lovheim H. Longitudinal associations between blood pressure and dementia in the very old. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;30(3):269–76.PubMed
33.
Oveisgharan S, Hachinski V. Hypertension, executive dysfunction, and progression to dementia: the canadian study of health and aging. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(2):187–92.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Yang YH, Roe CM, Morris JC. Relationship between late-life hypertension, blood pressure, and Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2011;26(6):457–62.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Hajjar I, Wharton W, Mack WJ, Levey AI, Goldstein FC. Racial disparity in cognitive and functional disability in hypertension and all-cause mortality. Am J Hypertens. 2016;29(2):185–93.CrossRefPubMed
36.
SPRINT Research Group, Wright Jr JT, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, Snyder JK, Sink KM, Rocco MV, Reboussin DM, Rahman M, Oparil S, Lewis CE, Kimmel PL, Johnson KC, Goff Jr DC, Fine LJ, Cutler JA, Cushman WC, Cheung AK, Ambrosius WT. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2103–16.CrossRef
37.
38.
Farkas E, Luiten PG. Cerebral microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol. 2001;64(6):575–611.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Kalaria RN. Linking cerebrovascular defense mechanisms in brain ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2009;30(9):1512–4.CrossRefPubMed
40.
41.
Hajjar I, Goldstein FC, Martin GS, Quyyumi AA. Roles of arterial stiffness and blood pressure in hypertension-associated cognitive decline in healthy adults. Hypertension. 2016;67(1):171–5.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Cooper LL, Woodard T, Sigurdsson S, van Buchem MA, Torjesen AA, Inker LA, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Mitchell GF. Cerebrovascular damage mediates relations between aortic stiffness and memory. Hypertension. 2016;67(1):176–82.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Cooper LL, Mitchell GF. Aortic stiffness, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and memory. Pulse (Basel). 2016;4(2–3):69–77.CrossRef
44.
Alosco ML, Gunstad J, Xu X, Clark US, Labbe DR, Riskin-Jones HH, Terrero G, Schwarz NF, Walsh EG, Poppas A, Cohen RA, Sweet LH. The impact of hypertension on cerebral perfusion and cortical thickness in older adults. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(8):561–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Haacke EM. Brain aging and its modifiers: insights from in vivo neuromorphometry and susceptibility weighted imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1097:84–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Acker JD. Vascular health and longitudinal changes in brain and cognition in middle-aged and older adults. Neuropsychology. 2007;21(2):149–57.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Debette S, Markus HS. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3666.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(7):689–701.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Raz N, Yang YQ, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Lindenberger U, Ghisletta P. White matter deterioration in 15 months: latent growth curve models in healthy adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(2):429.e1-5.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Hering D, Piskunowicz M. Hypertension and ischaemic stroke subtypes. In: Coca A, Manica G, Rosei EA, editors. Hypertension and brain damage. European Society of Hypertension, Working Group Hypertension and the Brain; 2016. doi: 10.​1007/​978-3-319-32074-8
51.
Waldstein SR, Rice SC, Thayer JF, Najjar SS, Scuteri A, Zonderman AB. Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Hypertension. 2008;51(1):99–104.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Qiu C, Winblad B, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L. Pulse pressure and risk of Alzheimer disease in persons aged 75 years and older: a community-based, longitudinal study. Stroke. 2003;34(3):594–9.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Carnevale D, Mascio G, D’Andrea I, Fardella V, Bell RD, Branchi I, Pallante F, Zlokovic B, Yan SS, Lembo G. Hypertension induces brain β-amyloid accumulation, cognitive impairment, and memory deterioration through activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in brain vasculature. Hypertension. 2012;60(1):188–97.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Pires PW, Dams Ramos CM, Matin N, Dorrance AM. The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304(12):H1598–614.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Hajjar I, Hart M, Mack W, Lipsitz LA. Aldosterone, cognitive function, and cerebral hemodynamics in hypertension and antihypertensive therapy. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(3):319–25.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Uiterwijk R, Huijts M, Staals J, Rouhl RP, De Leeuw PW, Kroon AA, Van Oostenbrugge RJ. Endothelial activation is associated with cognitive performance in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2016;29(4):464–9.CrossRefPubMed
57.
McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P, Bullock R. Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:CD004034.
58.
Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N, Woodward M, Neal B, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(9):1069–75.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Babarskiene MR, Babeanu S, Bossini A, Fagard R, Gil-Extremera B, Laks T, Kobalava Z, Sarti C, Tuomilehto J, Vanhanen H, Webster J, Yodfat Y, Birkenhäger WH, Systolic Hypertension in Europe Investigators. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(18):2046–52.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Coca A, Monteagudo E, Doménech M, Camafort M, Sierra C. Can the treatment of hypertension in the middle-aged prevent dementia in the elderly? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2016;23(2):97–104.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Levi Marpillat N, Macquin-Mavier I, Tropeano AI, Bachoud-Levi AC, Maison P. Antihypertensive classes, cognitive decline and incidence of dementia: a network meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2013;31(6):1073–82.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Kherada N, Heimowitz T, Rosendorff C. Antihypertensive therapies and cognitive function: a review. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015;17(10):79.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Yagi S, Akaike M, Ise T, Ueda Y, Iwase T, Sata M. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a pivotal role in cognitive impairment. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(9):753–8.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Kehoe PG, Wilcock GK. Is inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system a new treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease? Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(4):373–8.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Savaskan E, Hock C, Olivieri G, Bruttel S, Rosenberg C, Hulette C, Müller-Spahn F. Cortical alterations of angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II and AT1 receptor in Alzheimer’s dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22(4):541–6.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Bosch J, Yusuf S, Pogue J, Sleight P, Lonn E, Rangoonwala B, Davies R, Ostergren J, Probstfield J, HOPE Investigators. Heart outcomes prevention evaluation. Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial. BMJ. 2002;324:699–702.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Ohrui T, Tomita N, Sato-Nakagawa T, Matsui T, Maruyama M, Niwa K, Arai H, Sasaki H. Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology. 2004;63(7):1324–5.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, Trenkwalder P, Zanchetti A, SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind hypertension trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21:875–86.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Li NC, Lee A, Whitmer RA, Kivipelto M, Lawler E, Kazis LE, Wolozin B. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: prospective cohort analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:b5465.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A, Lazzari P, Destro M, Rinaldi A, Preti P. Effect of telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide vs lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination on ambulatory blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;20(3):177–85.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Yagi S, Akaike M, Aihara K, Iwase T, Yoshida S, Sumitomo-Ueda Y, Ikeda Y, Ishikawa K, Matsumoto T, Sata M. High plasma aldosterone concentration is a novel risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011;34(1):74–8.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketsos CG, Hayden KM, Skoog I, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, Mayer LS, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Breitner JC. Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(5):686–92.CrossRefPubMed
73.
Sze KH, Sim TC, Wong E, Cheng S, Woo J. Effect of nimodipine on memory after cerebral infarction. Acta Neurol Scand. 1998;97(6):386–92.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Hanon O, Pequignot R, Seux ML, Lenoir H, Bune A, Rigaud AS, Forette F, Girerd X. Relationship between antihypertensive drug therapy and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients with memory complaints. J Hypertens. 2006;24(10):2101–7.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Applegate WB, Pressel S, Wittes J, Luhr J, Shekelle RB, Camel GH, Greenlick MR, Hadley E, Moye L, Perry Jr HM, et al. Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(19):2154–60.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Yasar S, Xia J, Yao W, Furberg CD, Xue QL, Mercado CI, Fitzpatrick AL, Fried LP, Kawas CH, Sink KM, Williamson JD, DeKosky ST, Carlson MC, Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators. Antihypertensive drugs decrease risk of Alzheimer disease: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):896–903.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Gelber RP, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, White LR. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 2013;81(10):888–95.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Prince MJ, Bird AS, Blizard RA, Mann AH. Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council’s trial of hypertension in older adults. BMJ. 1996;312(7034):801–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
79.
Benetos A, Bulpitt CJ, Petrovic M, Ungar A, Agabiti Rosei E, Cherubini A, Redon J, Grodzicki T, Dominiczak A, Strandberg T, Mancia G. An expert opinion from the european society of hypertension-European union geriatric medicine society working group on the management of hypertension in very old, frail subjects. Hypertension. 2016;67(5):820–5.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction in elderly: blood pressure management for this global burden
Authors
Marijana Tadic
Cesare Cuspidi
Dagmara Hering
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0386-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Barnidipine compared to lercanidipine in addition to losartan on endothelial damage and oxidative stress parameters in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Research article

Overweight modifies the longitudinal association between uric acid and some components of the metabolic syndrome: The Tromsø Study

Research article

High platelet reactivity affects the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Research article

Effectiveness comparison of cardio-selective to non-selective β-blockers and their association with mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study

Research article

Left atrial volume index as an independent determinant of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic organic mitral regurgitation

Research article

Alcohol consumption and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)-a register-based cohort study

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits