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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research

Phylogenetic and antigenic characterization of reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in the East Dongting Lake wetland in 2011–2012

Authors: Yun Zhu, Shixiong Hu, Tian Bai, Lei Yang, Xiang Zhao, Wenfei Zhu, Yiwei Huang, Zhihong Deng, Hong Zhang, Zhiyong Bai, Mingdong Yu, Jianfei Huang, Yuelong Shu

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Wild waterfowl are recognized as the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. Two distinct lineages, the American and Eurasian lineages, have been identified in wild birds. Gene flow between the two lineages is limited. The H9N2 virus has become prevalent in poultry throughout Eurasia, and mainly circulates in wild ducks and shorebirds in North America.

Methods

In this study, 22 H9N2 avian influenza viruses were isolated from wild waterfowl feces in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in November 2011 and March 2012. The phylogenetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of these viruses were analyzed based on analyses of the whole genome sequence of each isolate.

Results

Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these H9N2 viruses were generated by reassortment events. The HA, NA, PA, and NS genes were derived from the American gene pool, and the other four genes were derived from the Eurasian gene pool. Antigenic analyses indicated that these viruses were significantly different from the Eurasian lineage viruses.

Conclusions

This study presents the isolation of novel intercontinental recombinant H9N2 viruses from wild waterfowl in the East Dongting Lake wetland. The novel genotype H9N2 virus has not been detected in poultry in the region yet, and may be transmitted to naïve birds in poultry farms. Therefore, our results highlight the need for ongoing surveillance of wild birds and poultry in this region.

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Title: Phylogenetic and antigenic characterization of reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in the East Dongting Lake wetland in 2011–2012
Authors: Yun Zhu
Shixiong Hu
Tian Bai
Lei Yang
Xiang Zhao
Wenfei Zhu
Yiwei Huang
Zhihong Deng
Hong Zhang
Zhiyong Bai
Mingdong Yu
Jianfei Huang
Yuelong Shu
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Virology Journal / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-11-77

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Phylogenetic and antigenic characterization of reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in the East Dongting Lake wetland in 2011–2012

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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