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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Review

Wallerian degeneration: the innate-immune response to traumatic nerve injury

Author: Shlomo Rotshenker

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2011

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Abstract

Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves results in the loss of neural functions. Recovery by regeneration depends on the cellular and molecular events of Wallerian degeneration that injury induces distal to the lesion site, the domain through which severed axons regenerate back to their target tissues. Innate-immunity is central to Wallerian degeneration since innate-immune cells, functions and molecules that are produced by immune and non-immune cells are involved. The innate-immune response helps to turn the peripheral nerve tissue into an environment that supports regeneration by removing inhibitory myelin and by upregulating neurotrophic properties. The characteristics of an efficient innate-immune response are rapid onset and conclusion, and the orchestrated interplay between Schwann cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and molecules they produce. Wallerian degeneration serves as a prelude for successful repair when these requirements are met. In contrast, functional recovery is poor when injury fails to produce the efficient innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration.
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Metadata
Title
Wallerian degeneration: the innate-immune response to traumatic nerve injury
Author
Shlomo Rotshenker
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-8-109

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