Skip to main content
Top
Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Research

Differentiating the impact of anatomic and non-anatomic liver resection on early recurrence in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Authors: Karim M Eltawil, Mark Kidd, Francesco Giovinazzo, Ahmed H Helmy, Ronald R Salem

Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

For Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatectomy, the extent of the resection margin remains controversial and data available on its effect on early tumor recurrence are very few and contradictory. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the type of resection (anatomic versus non-anatomic) on early intra-hepatic HCC recurrence in patients with solitary HCC and preserved liver function.

Methods

Among 53 patients with similar clinico-pathologic data who underwent curative liver resection for HCC between 2000 and 2006, 28 patients underwent anatomic resection of at least one liver segment and 25 patients underwent limited resection with a margin of at least 1 cm.

Results

After a close follow-up period of 24 months, no difference was detected in recurrence rates between the anatomic (35.7%) and the non-anatomic (40%) groups in either univariate (p = 0.74) and multivariate (p = 0.65) analysis. Factors contributing to early recurrence were tumor size (p = 0.012) and tumor stage including vascular invasion (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

The choice of the type of resection for HCC should be based on the maintenance of adequate hepatic reserve. The type of resection (anatomic vs non-anatomic) was found not to be a risk factor for early tumor recurrence.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF: Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24: 2137-50. 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.2308.CrossRefPubMed Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF: Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24: 2137-50. 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.2308.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P: Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001, 94: 153-6. 10.1002/ijc.1440.CrossRefPubMed Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P: Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001, 94: 153-6. 10.1002/ijc.1440.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Lam CM, Yuen WK, Yeung C, Wong J: Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: toward zero hospital deaths. Ann Surg. 1999, 229: 322-30. 10.1097/00000658-199903000-00004.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Lam CM, Yuen WK, Yeung C, Wong J: Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: toward zero hospital deaths. Ann Surg. 1999, 229: 322-30. 10.1097/00000658-199903000-00004.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Makuuchi M, Imamura H, Sugawara Y, Takayama T: Progress in surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology. 2002, 62 (Suppl 1): 74-81. 10.1159/000048280.CrossRefPubMed Makuuchi M, Imamura H, Sugawara Y, Takayama T: Progress in surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology. 2002, 62 (Suppl 1): 74-81. 10.1159/000048280.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Kawamura E, Kato T, Oriyama T, Fujimoto J, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Tomoda F, Tanaka W: Dynamics of normal and injured human liver regeneration after hepatectomy as assessed on the basis of computed tomography and liver function. Hepatology. 1993, 18: 79-85. 10.1002/hep.1840180114.CrossRefPubMed Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Kawamura E, Kato T, Oriyama T, Fujimoto J, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Tomoda F, Tanaka W: Dynamics of normal and injured human liver regeneration after hepatectomy as assessed on the basis of computed tomography and liver function. Hepatology. 1993, 18: 79-85. 10.1002/hep.1840180114.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Takano S, Oishi H, Kono S, Kawakami S, Nakamura M, Kubota N, Iwai S: Retrospective analysis of type of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2000, 87: 65-70. 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01308.x.CrossRefPubMed Takano S, Oishi H, Kono S, Kawakami S, Nakamura M, Kubota N, Iwai S: Retrospective analysis of type of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2000, 87: 65-70. 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01308.x.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Tanaka K, Shimada H, Matsumoto C, Matsuo K, Nagano Y, Endo I, Togo S: Anatomic versus limited nonanatomic resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2008, 143: 607-15. 10.1016/j.surg.2008.01.006.CrossRefPubMed Tanaka K, Shimada H, Matsumoto C, Matsuo K, Nagano Y, Endo I, Togo S: Anatomic versus limited nonanatomic resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2008, 143: 607-15. 10.1016/j.surg.2008.01.006.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Torzilli G, Makuuchi M, Inoue K, Takayama T, Sakamoto Y, Sugawara Y, Kubota K, Zucchi A: No-mortality liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients: is there a way? A prospective analysis of our approach. Arch Surg. 1999, 134: 984-92. 10.1001/archsurg.134.9.984.CrossRefPubMed Torzilli G, Makuuchi M, Inoue K, Takayama T, Sakamoto Y, Sugawara Y, Kubota K, Zucchi A: No-mortality liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients: is there a way? A prospective analysis of our approach. Arch Surg. 1999, 134: 984-92. 10.1001/archsurg.134.9.984.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Kondo K, Chijiiwa K, Makino I, Kai M, Maehara N, Ohuchida J, Naganuma S: Risk factors for early death after liver resection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2005, 12: 399-404. 10.1007/s00534-005-1009-9.CrossRefPubMed Kondo K, Chijiiwa K, Makino I, Kai M, Maehara N, Ohuchida J, Naganuma S: Risk factors for early death after liver resection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2005, 12: 399-404. 10.1007/s00534-005-1009-9.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Suh KS: Systematic hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2005, 12: 365-70. 10.1007/s00534-005-1002-3.CrossRefPubMed Suh KS: Systematic hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2005, 12: 365-70. 10.1007/s00534-005-1002-3.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kaibori M, Matsui Y, Hijikawa T, Uchida Y, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y: Comparison of limited and anatomic hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis C. Surgery. 2006, 139: 385-94. 10.1016/j.surg.2005.08.035.CrossRefPubMed Kaibori M, Matsui Y, Hijikawa T, Uchida Y, Kwon AH, Kamiyama Y: Comparison of limited and anatomic hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis C. Surgery. 2006, 139: 385-94. 10.1016/j.surg.2005.08.035.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Ng IO, Liu CL, Lam CM, Wong J: Improving survival results after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of 377 patients over 10 years. Ann Surg. 2001, 234: 63-70. 10.1097/00000658-200107000-00010.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Ng IO, Liu CL, Lam CM, Wong J: Improving survival results after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of 377 patients over 10 years. Ann Surg. 2001, 234: 63-70. 10.1097/00000658-200107000-00010.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Poon RT: Differentiating early and late recurrences after resection of HCC in cirrhotic patients: implications on surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009, 16: 792-4. 10.1245/s10434-009-0330-y.CrossRefPubMed Poon RT: Differentiating early and late recurrences after resection of HCC in cirrhotic patients: implications on surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009, 16: 792-4. 10.1245/s10434-009-0330-y.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Bruix JSM, AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINE: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology. 2005, 42: 1208-1236. 10.1002/hep.20933.CrossRefPubMed Bruix JSM, AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINE: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology. 2005, 42: 1208-1236. 10.1002/hep.20933.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Stipa F, Yoon SS, Liau KH, Fong Y, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, Abou-Alfa G, Blumgart LH, DeMatteo RP: Outcome of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2006, 106: 1331-8. 10.1002/cncr.21703.CrossRefPubMed Stipa F, Yoon SS, Liau KH, Fong Y, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, Abou-Alfa G, Blumgart LH, DeMatteo RP: Outcome of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2006, 106: 1331-8. 10.1002/cncr.21703.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Beahrs OHHD, Hutter RVP, Myers MH: Manual for staging of cancer. 1988, Chicago, IL: American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting, 87-89. Beahrs OHHD, Hutter RVP, Myers MH: Manual for staging of cancer. 1988, Chicago, IL: American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting, 87-89.
18.
go back to reference Thompson Coon J, Rogers G, Hewson P, Wright D, Anderson R, Cramp M, Jackson S, Ryder S, Price A, Stein K: Surveillance of cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2007, 11: 1-206.CrossRefPubMed Thompson Coon J, Rogers G, Hewson P, Wright D, Anderson R, Cramp M, Jackson S, Ryder S, Price A, Stein K: Surveillance of cirrhosis for hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2007, 11: 1-206.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Sherman M: Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2007, 37 (Suppl 2): S152-65. 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00180.x.CrossRefPubMed Sherman M: Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2007, 37 (Suppl 2): S152-65. 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00180.x.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Trevisani F, De NS, Rapaccini G, Farinati F, Benvegnu L, Zoli M, Grazi GL, Del PP, Di N, Bernardi M: Semiannual and annual surveillance of cirrhotic patients for hepatocellular carcinoma: effects on cancer stage and patient survival (Italian experience). Am J Gastroenterol. 2002, 97: 734-44. 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05557.x.CrossRefPubMed Trevisani F, De NS, Rapaccini G, Farinati F, Benvegnu L, Zoli M, Grazi GL, Del PP, Di N, Bernardi M: Semiannual and annual surveillance of cirrhotic patients for hepatocellular carcinoma: effects on cancer stage and patient survival (Italian experience). Am J Gastroenterol. 2002, 97: 734-44. 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05557.x.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2003, 362: 1907-17. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14964-1.CrossRefPubMed Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2003, 362: 1907-17. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14964-1.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, Kosuge T, Okada S, Takayasu K, Yamasaki S: Early hepatocellular carcinoma as an entity with a high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology. 1998, 28: 1241-6. 10.1002/hep.510280511.CrossRefPubMed Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, Kosuge T, Okada S, Takayasu K, Yamasaki S: Early hepatocellular carcinoma as an entity with a high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology. 1998, 28: 1241-6. 10.1002/hep.510280511.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Grazi GL, Ercolani G, Pierangeli F, Del Gaudio M, Cescon M, Cavallari A, Mazziotti A: Improved results of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis give the procedure added value. Ann Surg. 2001, 234: 71-8. 10.1097/00000658-200107000-00011.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Grazi GL, Ercolani G, Pierangeli F, Del Gaudio M, Cescon M, Cavallari A, Mazziotti A: Improved results of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis give the procedure added value. Ann Surg. 2001, 234: 71-8. 10.1097/00000658-200107000-00011.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J: Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. Ann Surg. 2002, 235: 373-82. 10.1097/00000658-200203000-00009.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J: Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. Ann Surg. 2002, 235: 373-82. 10.1097/00000658-200203000-00009.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Shah SA, Greig PD, Gallinger S, Cattral MS, Dixon E, Kim RD, Taylor BR, Grant DR, Vollmer CM: Factors associated with early recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2006, 202: 275-83. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.10.005.CrossRefPubMed Shah SA, Greig PD, Gallinger S, Cattral MS, Dixon E, Kim RD, Taylor BR, Grant DR, Vollmer CM: Factors associated with early recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2006, 202: 275-83. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.10.005.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Poon RT, Fan ST, Ng IO, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J: Different risk factors and prognosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2000, 89: 500-7. 10.1002/1097-0142(20000801)89:3<500::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-O.CrossRefPubMed Poon RT, Fan ST, Ng IO, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J: Different risk factors and prognosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2000, 89: 500-7. 10.1002/1097-0142(20000801)89:3<500::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-O.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, Ohkubo T, Hasegawa K, Miyagawa S, Sugawara Y, Minagawa M, Takayama T, Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M: Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol. 2003, 38: 200-7. 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00360-4.CrossRefPubMed Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, Ohkubo T, Hasegawa K, Miyagawa S, Sugawara Y, Minagawa M, Takayama T, Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M: Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol. 2003, 38: 200-7. 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00360-4.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Portolani N, Coniglio A, Ghidoni S, Giovanelli M, Benetti A, Tiberio GA, Giulini SM: Early and late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ann Surg. 2006, 243: 229-35. 10.1097/01.sla.0000197706.21803.a1.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Portolani N, Coniglio A, Ghidoni S, Giovanelli M, Benetti A, Tiberio GA, Giulini SM: Early and late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ann Surg. 2006, 243: 229-35. 10.1097/01.sla.0000197706.21803.a1.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Cucchetti A, Piscaglia F, Caturelli E, Benvegnu L, Vivarelli M, Ercolani G, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, Grazi GL, Bolondi L, Pinna AD: Comparison of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection in patients with cirrhosis to its occurrence in a surveilled cirrhotic population. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009, 16: 413-22. 10.1245/s10434-008-0232-4.CrossRefPubMed Cucchetti A, Piscaglia F, Caturelli E, Benvegnu L, Vivarelli M, Ercolani G, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, Grazi GL, Bolondi L, Pinna AD: Comparison of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection in patients with cirrhosis to its occurrence in a surveilled cirrhotic population. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009, 16: 413-22. 10.1245/s10434-008-0232-4.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Regimbeau JM, Kianmanesh R, Farges O, Dondero F, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J: Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2002, 131: 311-7. 10.1067/msy.2002.121892.CrossRefPubMed Regimbeau JM, Kianmanesh R, Farges O, Dondero F, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J: Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2002, 131: 311-7. 10.1067/msy.2002.121892.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Lau H, Fan ST, Ng IO, Wong J: Long term prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a survival analysis of 204 consecutive patients. Cancer. 1998, 83: 2302-11. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981201)83:11<2302::AID-CNCR9>3.0.CO;2-1.CrossRefPubMed Lau H, Fan ST, Ng IO, Wong J: Long term prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a survival analysis of 204 consecutive patients. Cancer. 1998, 83: 2302-11. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981201)83:11<2302::AID-CNCR9>3.0.CO;2-1.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Okada S, Shimada K, Yamamoto J, Takayama T, Kosuge T, Yamasaki S, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S: Predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1994, 106: 1618-24.PubMed Okada S, Shimada K, Yamamoto J, Takayama T, Kosuge T, Yamasaki S, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S: Predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1994, 106: 1618-24.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Ziparo V, Balducci G, Lucandri G, Mercantini P, Di Giacomo G, Fernandes E: Indications and results of resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2002, 28: 723-8. 10.1053/ejso.2002.1299.CrossRefPubMed Ziparo V, Balducci G, Lucandri G, Mercantini P, Di Giacomo G, Fernandes E: Indications and results of resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2002, 28: 723-8. 10.1053/ejso.2002.1299.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Yoshioka S, Takemasa I, Nagano H, Kittaka N, Noda T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Takeda Y, Umeshita K, Dono K, Matsubara K, Monden M: Molecular prediction of early recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2009, 45: 881-9. 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.019.CrossRefPubMed Yoshioka S, Takemasa I, Nagano H, Kittaka N, Noda T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Takeda Y, Umeshita K, Dono K, Matsubara K, Monden M: Molecular prediction of early recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2009, 45: 881-9. 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.019.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Differentiating the impact of anatomic and non-anatomic liver resection on early recurrence in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors
Karim M Eltawil
Mark Kidd
Francesco Giovinazzo
Ahmed H Helmy
Ronald R Salem
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
World Journal of Surgical Oncology / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-8-43

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2010 Go to the issue