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Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Published in: Cardiovascular Ultrasound 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | How I do it article

Intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and flow mediated dilation

Authors: Rosa Maria Bruno, Elisabetta Bianchini, Francesco Faita, Stefano Taddei, Lorenzo Ghiadoni

Published in: Cardiovascular Ultrasound | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

The identification of vascular alterations at the sub-clinical, asymptomatic stages are potentially useful for screening, prevention and improvement of cardiovascular risk stratification beyond classical risk factors.
Increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery is a well-known marker of early atherosclerosis, which significantly correlates with the development of cardiovascular diseases. More recently, other vascular parameters evaluating both structural and functional arterial proprieties of peripheral arteries have been introduced, for cardiovascular risk stratification and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Increased arterial stiffness, which can be detected by applanation tonometry as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, has been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and to significantly improve risk stratification.
Finally, earlier vascular abnormalities such as endothelial dysfunction in the peripheral arteries, detected as reduced flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, are useful in the research setting and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials and have also been suggested for their possible clinical use in the future.
This manuscript will briefly review clinical evidence supporting the use of these different vascular markers for cardiovascular risk stratification, focusing on the correct methodology, which is a crucial issue to address in order to promote their use in future for routine clinical practice.
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Metadata
Title
Intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and flow mediated dilation
Authors
Rosa Maria Bruno
Elisabetta Bianchini
Francesco Faita
Stefano Taddei
Lorenzo Ghiadoni
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cardiovascular Ultrasound / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1476-7120
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-12-34

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