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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Assessment of Anopheles salivary antigens as individual exposure biomarkers to species-specific malaria vector bites

Authors: Zakia M I Ali, Mahfoud Bakli, Albin Fontaine, Nawal Bakkali, Vinh Vu Hai, Stephane Audebert, Yvan Boublik, Frederic Pagès, Franck Remoué, Christophe Rogier, Christophe Fraisier, Lionel Almeras

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

Malaria transmission occurs during the blood feeding of infected anopheline mosquitoes concomitant with a saliva injection into the vertebrate host. In sub-Saharan Africa, most malaria transmission is due to Anopheles funestus s.s and to Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis). Several studies have demonstrated that the immune response against salivary antigens could be used to evaluate individual exposure to mosquito bites. The aim of this study was to assess the use of secreted salivary proteins as specific biomarkers of exposure to An. gambiae and/or An. funestus bites.

Methods

For this purpose, salivary gland proteins 6 (SG6) and 5′nucleotidases (5′nuc) from An. gambiae (gSG6 and g-5′nuc) and An. funestus (fSG6 and f-5′nuc) were selected and produced in recombinant form. The specificity of the IgG response against these salivary proteins was tested using an ELISA with sera from individuals living in three Senegalese villages (NDiop, n = 50; Dielmo, n = 38; and Diama, n = 46) that had been exposed to distinct densities and proportions of the Anopheles species. Individuals who had not been exposed to these tropical mosquitoes were used as controls (Marseille, n = 45).

Results

The IgG responses against SG6 recombinant proteins from these two Anopheles species and against g-5′nucleotidase from An. gambiae, were significantly higher in Senegalese individuals compared with controls who were not exposed to specific Anopheles species. Conversely, an association was observed between the level of An. funestus exposure and the serological immune response levels against the f-5′nucleotidase protein.

Conclusion

This study revealed an Anopheles salivary antigenic protein that could be considered to be a promising antigenic marker to distinguish malaria vector exposure at the species level. The epidemiological interest of such species-specific antigenic markers is discussed.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Assessment of Anopheles salivary antigens as individual exposure biomarkers to species-specific malaria vector bites
Authors
Zakia M I Ali
Mahfoud Bakli
Albin Fontaine
Nawal Bakkali
Vinh Vu Hai
Stephane Audebert
Yvan Boublik
Frederic Pagès
Franck Remoué
Christophe Rogier
Christophe Fraisier
Lionel Almeras
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-439

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