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Respiratory Research
Published in: Respiratory Research 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research

Epidemiology, radiology, and genetics of nicotine dependence in COPD

Authors: Deog Kyeom Kim, Craig P Hersh, George R Washko, John E Hokanson, David A Lynch, John D Newell, James R Murphy, James D Crapo, Edwin K Silverman, the COPD Gene Investigators

Published in: Respiratory Research | Issue 1/2011

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Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoking is the principal environmental risk factor for developing COPD, and nicotine dependence strongly influences smoking behavior. This study was performed to elucidate the relationship between nicotine dependence, genetic susceptibility to nicotine dependence, and volumetric CT findings in smokers.

Methods

Current smokers with COPD (GOLD stage ≥ 2) or normal spirometry were analyzed from the COPDGene Study, a prospective observational study. Nicotine dependence was determined by the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Volumetric CT acquisitions measuring the percent of emphysema on inspiratory CT (% of lung <-950 HU) and gas trapping on expiratory CT (% of lung <-856 HU) were obtained. Genotypes for two SNPs in the CHRNA3/5 region (rs8034191, rs1051730) previously associated with nicotine dependence and COPD were analyzed for association to COPD and nicotine dependence phenotypes.

Results

Among 842 currently smoking subjects (335 COPD cases and 507 controls), 329 subjects (39.1%) showed high nicotine dependence. Subjects with high nicotine dependence had greater cumulative and current amounts of smoking. However, emphysema severity was negatively correlated with the FTND score in controls (ρ = -0.19, p < .0001) as well as in COPD cases (ρ = -0.18, p = 0.0008). Lower FTND score, male gender, lower body mass index, and lower FEV1 were independent risk factors for emphysema severity in COPD cases. Both CHRNA3/5 SNPs were associated with FTND in current smokers. An association of genetic variants in CHRNA3/5 with severity of emphysema was only found in former smokers, but not in current smokers.

Conclusions

Nicotine dependence was a negative predictor for emphysema on CT in COPD and control smokers. Increased inflammation in more highly addicted current smokers could influence the CT lung density distribution, which may influence genetic association studies of emphysema phenotypes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials (NCT): NCT00608764
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Epidemiology, radiology, and genetics of nicotine dependence in COPD
Authors
Deog Kyeom Kim
Craig P Hersh
George R Washko
John E Hokanson
David A Lynch
John D Newell
James R Murphy
James D Crapo
Edwin K Silverman
the COPD Gene Investigators
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Respiratory Research / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1465-993X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-12-9

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