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Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
Published in: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Type 1 Diabetes | Review

Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?

Authors: Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski, Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel

Published in: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Metadata
Title
Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?
Authors
Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Keyword
Type 1 Diabetes
Published in
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2194-7791
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8