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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Review

Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and cancer risk

Authors: Claire L Donohoe, Suzanne L Doyle, John V Reynolds

Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome | Issue 1/2011

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Abstract

Background

There is a well established link between obesity and cancer. Emerging research is characterising this relationship further and delineating the specific role of excess visceral adiposity, as opposed to simple obesity, in promoting tumorigenesis. This review summarises the evidence from an epidemiological and pathophysiological perspective.

Methods

Relevant medical literature was identified from searches of PubMed and references cited in appropriate articles identified. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal and relevance.

Results

Numerous epidemiological studies consistently identify increased risk of developing carcinoma in the obese. Adipose tissue, particularly viscerally located fat, is metabolically active and exerts systemic endocrine effects. Putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity and carcinogenesis include the paracrine effects of adipose tissue and systemic alterations associated with obesity. Systemic changes in the obese state include chronic inflammation and alterations in adipokines and sex steroids. Insulin and the insulin-like growth factor axis influence tumorigenesis and also have a complex relationship with adiposity. There is evidence to suggest that insulin and the IGF axis play an important role in mediating obesity associated malignancy.

Conclusions

There is much evidence to support a role for obesity in cancer progression, however further research is warranted to determine the specific effect of excess visceral adipose tissue on tumorigenesis. Investigation of the potential mechanisms underpinning the association, including the role of insulin and the IGF axis, will improve understanding of the obesity and cancer link and may uncover targets for intervention.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and cancer risk
Authors
Claire L Donohoe
Suzanne L Doyle
John V Reynolds
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1758-5996
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-3-12

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