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Cardiovascular Diabetology
Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Original investigation

Influence of a family history of type 2 diabetes, demographic and clinical data on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Carlos Roberto Moraes de Andrade Junior, Eliete Leão Clemente Silva, Maria de Fátima Bevilaqua da Matta, Marcia Bueno Castier, Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa, Marília de Brito Gomes

Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery is a surrogate end point of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the factors associated with a higher IMT may contribute to the identification of subjects with higher CVD risk. Our objective was to compare the common carotid IMT of type 1 diabetes patients to healthy control subjects. The secondary objective was to determine factors associated with a higher carotid IMT.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study between March 2009 and October 2013, comprising 127 type 1 diabetes patients and 125 control subjects matched by age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Carotid IMT was measured using semi-automated edge detection software.

Results

Type 1 diabetes patients had a higher median IMT compared with control subjects (0.538; IQR: 0.500-0.607 vs 0.513 mm; IQR: 0.481-0.557, respectively p = 0.001). Women with type 1 diabetes had a higher median IMT difference compared to the control group (0.537; IQR: 0.495-0.596 vs 0.502 mm; IQR: 0.472-0.543, respectively p = 0.003) than did men with type 1 diabetes (0.547; IQR: 0.504-0.613 vs 0.528 mm; IQR: 0.492-0.575, respectively p = 0.2). Age and diabetes duration had an additive effect on the IMT of type 1 diabetes patients. Multivariate gamma regression model analysis showed that in type 1 diabetes patients, the IMT was associated with age (Exp (β) = 1.006, p < 0.001), duration of diabetes (Exp (β) = 1.004, p = 0.001), BMI (Exp (β) = 1.005, p = 0.021), family history of type 2 diabetes (Exp (β) = 1.044, p = 0.033), total cholesterol (Exp (β) = 0.999, p = 0.001) and creatinine clearance (Exp (β) = 1.000, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Patients with type 1 diabetes have increased IMT, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The CVD risk may be similar between men and women with type 1 diabetes, suggesting a loss of gender protection. Also, CVD risk may be higher in those with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these findings and the causal effect between IMT and CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Influence of a family history of type 2 diabetes, demographic and clinical data on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Carlos Roberto Moraes de Andrade Junior
Eliete Leão Clemente Silva
Maria de Fátima Bevilaqua da Matta
Marcia Bueno Castier
Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa
Marília de Brito Gomes
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cardiovascular Diabetology / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2840
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-13-87

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