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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 2/2017

01-02-2017 | Review

Thyroid disruption by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

Authors: F. Coperchini, O. Awwad, M. Rotondi, F. Santini, M. Imbriani, L. Chiovato

Published in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | Issue 2/2017

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Abstract

Background

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two fluorinated compounds widely used in industry because of their useful chemical characteristics. They were identified as endocrine disruptors due to their ability to interfere with thyroid function. The resistance of PFOA and PFOS to environmental degradation, their bio-accumulation in food chains, and their long half-life raised concern in the scientific community, and several studies were performed with the aim to establish the real dangerousness of these compounds for the human health.

Purpose

The present review will focus on the effects of PFOA and PFOS on the thyroid gland taking into account in vitro experiments, animal studies, and human data. PFOS and PFOA reduce the circulating levels of thyroid hormones in diet-exposed animals, mainly by increasing their metabolic clearance rate.

Conclusions

An accumulation of PFOS and PFOA was documented in thyroid cells, and a cytotoxic effect was observed after exposure to extremely high concentrations of these compounds. In environmentally exposed communities and in the general population, the most consistent effect of exposure to PFOA, and to a less extent to PFOS, is the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Women and children appear to be more at risk of developing mild thyroid failure. Pregnant women with circulating thyroid antibodies might be at risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism, mainly when exposed at high doses of PFOS. The relative risks for thyroid cancer in people exposed to PFOA and PFOS were low and based on a few cases. Moreover, there was no consistent finding across all or even most studies.
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Metadata
Title
Thyroid disruption by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)
Authors
F. Coperchini
O. Awwad
M. Rotondi
F. Santini
M. Imbriani
L. Chiovato
Publication date
01-02-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation / Issue 2/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1720-8386
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-016-0572-z

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