Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Drugs & Aging
Published in: Drugs & Aging 8/2017

01-08-2017 | Review Article

Diabetes Mellitus Following Renal Transplantation: Clinical and Pharmacological Considerations for the Elderly Patient

Authors: David Langsford, Adam Steinberg, Karen M. Dwyer

Published in: Drugs & Aging | Issue 8/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus occurs in 30–50% of cases during the first year post-renal transplantation. It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Risk factors include age and specific immunosuppression regimens. At the same time, renal transplantation is increasingly indicated in elderly (aged >65 years) patients as this proportion of older patients in the prevalent dialysis population has increased. The immune system and β cells undergo senescence and this impacts on the risk for developing post-transplant diabetes and our ability to prevent such development. It may, however, be possible to identify patients at risk of developing post-transplant diabetes, enabling treatment protocols that prevent or reduce the impact of post-transplant diabetes. Much work remains to be completed in this area and is facilitated by the growing base of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of post-transplant diabetes. Should post-transplant diabetes develop, there are a range of treatment options available. There is increasing interest in using newer agents, although their safety and efficacy in transplant recipients remains to be conclusively established.
Literature
1.
Bergrem HA, Valderhaug TG, Hartmann A, et al. Undiagnosed diabetes in kidney transplant candidates: a case-finding strategy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(4):616–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Sharif A, Hecking M, de Vries AP, et al. Proceedings from an international consensus meeting on posttransplantation diabetes mellitus: recommendations and future directions. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(9):1992–2000.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Caillard S, Eprinchard L, Perrin P, et al. Incidence and risk factors of glucose metabolism disorders in kidney transplant recipients: role of systematic screening by oral glucose tolerance test. Transplantation. 2011;91(7):757–64.PubMed
4.
Hornum M, Jorgensen KA, Hansen JM, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in Denmark. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(4):709–16.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Iida S, Ishida H, Tokumoto T, et al. New-onset diabetes after transplantation in tacrolimus-treated, living kidney transplantation: long-term impact and utility of the pre-transplant OGTT. Int Urol Nephrol. 2010;42(4):935–45.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Langsford D, Obeyesekere V, Vogrin S, et al. A prospective study of renal transplant recipients: a fall in insulin secretion underpins dysglycemia after renal transplantation. Transplant Direct. 2016;2(11):e107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
8.
UK Renal Registry. 18th annual report of the Renal Association. Nephron. 2016;132(Suppl. 1):69–98.
9.
United States Renal Data System. 2016 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, 2016. Available from: http://​www.​usrds.​org/​adr.​aspx. Accessed 30 June 2017.
10.
11.
Stevens KK, Woo YM, Clancy M, et al. Deceased donor transplantation in the elderly: are we creating false hope? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(7):2382–6.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Heldal K, Hartmann A, Grootendorst DC, et al. Benefit of kidney transplantation beyond 70 years of age. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(5):1680–7.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Schold J, Srinivas TR, Sehgal AR, Meier-Kriesche HU. Half of kidney transplant candidates who are older than 60 years now placed on the waiting list will die before receiving a deceased-donor transplant. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(7):1239–45.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Rao PS, Merion RM, Ashby VB, et al. Renal transplantation in elderly patients older than 70 years of age: results from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2007;83(8):1069–74.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(23):1725–30.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Oniscu GC, Brown H, Forsythe JL. Impact of cadaveric renal transplantation on survival in patients listed for transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(6):1859–65.CrossRefPubMed
17.
McDonald SP, Russ GR. Survival of recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants compared with those receiving dialysis treatment in Australia and New Zealand, 1991–2001. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(12):2212–9.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Knoll G, et al. Systematic review: kidney transplantation compared with dialysis in clinically relevant outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2011;11(10):2093–109.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Gill JS, Schaeffner E, Chadban S, et al. Quantification of the early risk of death in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(2):427–32.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Vincenti F, Friman S, Scheuermann E, et al. Results of an international, randomized trial comparing glucose metabolism disorders and outcome with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus. Am J Transplant. 2007;7(6):1506–14.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Prasad N, Gurjer D, Bhadauria D, et al. Is basiliximab induction, a novel risk factor for new onset diabetes after transplantation for living donor renal allograft recipients? Nephrology. 2014;19(4):244–50.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Valderhaug TG, Hjelmesaeth J, Hartmann A, et al. The association of early post-transplant glucose levels with long-term mortality. Diabetologia. 2011;54(6):1341–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Hjelmesaeth J, Hartmann A, Leivestad T, et al. The impact of early-diagnosed new-onset post-transplantation diabetes mellitus on survival and major cardiac events. Kidney Int. 2006;69(3):588–95.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Cosio FG, Kudva Y, van der Velde M, et al. New onset hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int. 2005;67(6):2415–21.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Valderhaug TG, Hjelmesaeth J, Jenssen T, Roislien J, Leivestad T, Hartmann A. Early posttransplantation hyperglycemia in kidney transplant recipients is associated with overall long-term graft losses. Transplantation. 2012;94(7):714–20.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Heldal K, Hartmann A, Leivestad T, Foss A, Midtvedt K. Risk variables associated with the outcome of kidney recipients >70 years of age in the new millennium. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(8):2706–11.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Shivaswamy V, Boerner B, Larsen J. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: causes, treatment, and impact on outcomes. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(1):37–61.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Yates CJ, Fourlanos S, Colman PG, Cohney SJ. Screening for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: limitations of fasting glucose and advantages of afternoon glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Transplantation. 2013;96(8):726–31.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Shabir S, Jham S, Harper L, et al. Validity of glycated haemoglobin to diagnose new onset diabetes after transplantation. Transpl Int. 2013;26(3):315–21.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Eide IA, Halden TA, Hartmann A, et al. Limitations of hemoglobin A1c for the diagnosis of posttransplant diabetes mellitus. Transplantation. 2015;99(3):629–35.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Cole EH, Johnston O, Rose CL, Gill JS. Impact of acute rejection and new-onset diabetes on long-term transplant graft and patient survival. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(3):814–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Luan FL, Steffick DE, Ojo AO. New-onset diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients discharged on steroid-free immunosuppression. Transplantation. 2011;91(3):334–41.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Silva HT, Yang HC, Meier-Kriesche HU, et al. Long-term follow-up of a phase III clinical trial comparing tacrolimus extended-release/MMF, tacrolimus/MMF, and cyclosporine/MMF in de novo kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2014;97(6):636–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Pascual J, Royuela A, Galeano C, et al. Very early steroid withdrawal or complete avoidance for kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(2):825–32.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Woodle ES, First MR, Pirsch J, et al. Astellas Corticosteroid Withdrawal Study Group. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial comparing early (7 day) corticosteroid cessation versus long-term, low-dose corticosteroid therapy. Ann Surg. 2008;248(4):564–77.PubMed
36.
Lopez-Soler RI, Chan R, Martinolich J, et al. Early steroid withdrawal results in improved patient and graft survival and lower risk of post-transplant cardiovascular risk profiles: a single-center 10-year experience. Clin Transplant. 2017;31(2). doi:10.​1111/​ctr.​12878 (epub 2017 Jan 24).
37.
Pirsch JD, Henning AK, First MR, et al. New-onset diabetes after transplantation: results from a double-blind early corticosteroid withdrawal trial. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(7):1982–90.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Johnston O, Rose CL, Webster AC, Gill JS. Sirolimus is associated with new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(7):1411–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Masson P, Henderson L, Chapman JR, et al. Belatacept for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD010699.
40.
Montero N, Pascual J. Immunosuppression and post-transplant hyperglycemia. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2015;11(3):144–54.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Heit JJ, Apelqvist AA, Gu X, et al. Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates pancreatic beta-cell growth and function. Nature. 2006;443(7109):345–9.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Nagaraja P, Ravindran V, Morris-Stiff G, Baboolal K. Role of insulin resistance indices in predicting new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 2013;26(3):273–80.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Hecking M, Werzowa J, Haidinger M, et al. Novel views on new-onset diabetes after transplantation: development, prevention and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(3):550–66.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Nam JH, Mun JI, Kim SI, et al. Beta-cell dysfunction rather than insulin resistance is the main contributing factor for the development of postrenal transplantation diabetes mellitus. Transplantation. 2001;71(10):1417–23.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Ohn JH, Kwak SH, Cho YM, et al. 10-year trajectory of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes: a community-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(1):27–34.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Defronzo RA, Tripathy D, Schwenke DC, et al. Prediction of diabetes based on baseline metabolic characteristics in individuals at high risk. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3607–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Bergman RN, Ader M, Huecking K, Van Citters G. Accurate assessment of beta-cell function: the hyperbolic correction. Diabetes. 2002;51(Suppl. 1):S212–20.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Helman A, Avrahami D, Klochendler A, et al. Effects of ageing and senescence on pancreatic β-cell function. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18(Suppl. 1):58–62.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Suarez O, Pardo M, Gonzalez S, et al. Diabetes mellitus and renal transplantation in adults: is there enough evidence for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation? Transplant Proc. 2014;46(9):3015–20.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Madziarska K, Weyde W, Krajewska M, et al. The increased risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in peritoneal dialysis-treated kidney allograft recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(4):1396–401.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Chakkera HA, Weil EJ, Swanson CM, et al. Pretransplant risk score for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(10):2141–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Tokodai K, Amada N, Haga I, Takayama T, Nakamura A. The 5-time point oral glucose tolerance test as a predictor of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):298–303.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Heldal K, Midtvedt K. Managing transplant rejection in the elderly: the benefits of less aggressive immunosuppressive regimens. Drugs Aging. 2013;30(7):459–66.CrossRefPubMed
54.
55.
McKay D, Jameson J. Kidney transplantation and the ageing immune system. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(12):700–8.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Fulop T, Larbi A, Witkowski JM, Kotb R, Hirokawa K, Pawelec G. Immunosenescence and cancer. Crit Rev Oncog. 2013;18(6):489–513.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Vaccines for the elderly. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(Suppl. 5):100–8.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Noeldeke J, Fabrizii V, Arbogast H, et al. Prospective age-matching in elderly kidney transplant recipients: a 5-year analysis of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. Transplantation. 2006;82(1):141.CrossRef
59.
Tullius SG, Milford E. Kidney allocation and the aging immune response. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1369–70.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Heldal K, Hartmann A, Leivestad T, et al. Clinical outcomes in elderly kidney transplant recipients are related to acute rejection episodes rather than pretransplant comorbidity. Transplantation. 2009;87(7):1045–51.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Hecking M, Haidinger M, Doller D, et al. Early basal insulin therapy decreases new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(4):739–49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Hermayer KL, Egidi MF, Finch NJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on renal transplantation outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(12):4399–406.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Wallia A, Schmidt K, Oakes DJ, et al. Glycemic control reduces infections in post-liver transplant patients: results of a prospective, randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(2):451–9.PubMed
64.
Aloi JA, Mulla C, Ullal J, Lieb DC. Improvement in inpatient glycemic care: pathways to quality. Curr Diab Rep. 2015;15(4):18.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Lipska KJ, Krumholz H, Soones T, Lee SJ. Polypharmacy in the aging patient: a review of glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2016;315(10):1034–45.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
LaFranca JA, Ijermans JNM, Betjes MGH, Dor FJMF. Body mass index and outcome in renal transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2015;13:111.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
von During ME, Jenssen T, Bollerslev J, et al. Visceral fat is better related to impaired glucose metabolism than body mass index after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 2015;28(10):1162–71.CrossRef
68.
Shah T, Kasravi A, Huang E, et al. Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2006;82(12):1673–6.CrossRefPubMed
69.
von During ME, Jenssen T, Bollerslev J, Asberg A, Godang K, Hartmann A. Visceral fat is strongly associated with post-transplant diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism 1 year after kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2017;31(1). doi:10.​1111/​ctr.​12869 (epub 2016 Dec 15).
70.
Ryan KJ, Casas JM, Mash LE, et al. The effect of intensive nutrition interventions on weight gain after kidney transplantation: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:148.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Collins M, Plank L, Ryan K, et al. The INTENT trial: the effect of intensive nutrition interventions on weight gain after kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Perth: Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology; 2016.
72.
Painter PL, Hector L, Ray K, et al. A randomized trial of exercise training after renal transplantation. Transplantation. 2002;74(1):42–8.CrossRefPubMed
73.
Didsbury M, McGee RG, Tong A, et al. Exercise training in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation. 2013;95(5):679–87.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Lo C, Jun M, Badve SV, et al. Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(2):CD009966.
75.
Kurian B, Joshi R, Helmuth A. Effectiveness and long-term safety of thiazolidinediones and metformin in renal transplant recipients. Endocr Pract. 2008;14(8):979–84.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Sharif A. Should metformin be our antiglycemic agent of choice post-transplantation? Am J Transplant. 2011;11(7):1376–81.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Hung AM, Roumie CL, Greevy RA, et al. Kidney function decline in metformin versus sulfonylurea initiators: assessment of time-dependent contribution of weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;22(6):623–31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Currie CJ, Poole CD, Gale EA. The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009;52(9):1766–77.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Lalau JD, Arnouts P, Sharif A, De Broe ME. Metformin and other antidiabetic agents in renal failure patients. Kidney Int. 2015;87(2):308–22.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Stephen J, Anderson-Haag TL, Gustafson S, et al. Metformin use in kidney transplant recipients in the United States: an observational study. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40(6):546–53.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Tuerk TR, Bandur S, Nuernberger J, et al. Gliquidone therapy of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol. 2008;70(1):26–32.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1279–89.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Schneider CA, Ferrannini E, Defronzo R, Schernthaner G, Yates J, Erdmann E. Effect of pioglitazone on cardiovascular outcome in diabetes and chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(1):182–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Saemann MD, Krebs M. Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of patients with Post-Transplant-Hyperglycemia or new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation (NODAT): a new therapeutic option? Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2010;122(7–8):198–202.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Kim JW, Yang JH, Park HS, et al. Rosiglitazone protects the pancreatic beta-cell death induced by cyclosporine A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;390(3):763–8.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Voytovich MH, Simonsen C, Jenssen T, Hjelmesaeth J, Asberg A, Hartmann A. Short-term treatment with rosiglitazone improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(2):413–8.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Halden TA, Egeland EJ, Asberg A, et al. GLP-1 restores altered insulin and glucagon secretion in posttransplantation diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(4):617–24.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Boerner BP, Miles CD, Shivaswamy V. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin for the treatment of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:617638.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
89.
Lane JT, Odegaard DE, Haire CE, Collier DS, Wrenshall LE, Stevens RB. Sitagliptin therapy in kidney transplant recipients with new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Transplantation. 2011;92(10):e56–7.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Haidinger M, Werzowa J, Hecking M, et al. Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(1):115–23.CrossRefPubMed
91.
Sanyal D, Gupta S, Das P. A retrospective study evaluating efficacy and safety of linagliptin in treatment of NODAT (in renal transplant recipients) in a real world setting. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(Suppl. 1):S203–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
92.
Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117–28.CrossRefPubMed
93.
Cherney D, Lund SS, Perkins BA, et al. The effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016;59(9):1860–70.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Diabetes Mellitus Following Renal Transplantation: Clinical and Pharmacological Considerations for the Elderly Patient
Authors
David Langsford
Adam Steinberg
Karen M. Dwyer
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Drugs & Aging / Issue 8/2017
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-017-0478-2

Other articles of this Issue 8/2017

Drugs & Aging 8/2017 Go to the issue

Original Research Article

Older People’s Preferences for Side Effects Associated with Antimuscarinic Treatments of Overactive Bladder: A Discrete-Choice Experiment

Original Research Article

Prescription Patterns of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants Across Indications and Factors Associated with Their Increased Prescribing in Atrial Fibrillation Between 2012–2015: A Study from the Norwegian Prescription Database

Original Research Article

Tolerability, Safety, and Effectiveness of Oxycodone DETERx in Elderly Patients ≥65 Years of Age with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Therapy in Practice

Managing Mild-to-Moderate Psoriasis in Elderly Patients: Role of Topical Treatments

Original Research Article

Medication Use and Fall-Related Hospital Admissions from Long-Term Care Facilities: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study

Current Opinion

Cancer Immunotherapies: Are They as Effective in the Elderly?

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits