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Current Nutrition Reports

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01-09-2019 | Obesity | Cancer (MF Leitzmann, Section Editor)

The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms

Authors: Carmen Jochem, Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich, Michael F. Leitzmann

Published in: Current Nutrition Reports | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Sedentary behavior is an emerging risk factor for several cancers. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence on sedentary behavior and cancer risk and summarize potential underlying molecular mechanisms.

Recent Findings

High compared to low sedentary behavior is associated with a 28–44% increased risk of colon cancer, a 8–17% increased risk of breast cancer, and a 28–36% increased risk of endometrial cancer. For other cancer sites, the current evidence is insufficient, mainly due to sparse numbers of available studies. Potential underlying biologic mechanisms linking prolonged sedentary behavior to increased cancer risk include metabolic dysfunction, alterations in circulating levels of sex hormones, and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation.

Summary

Prolonged sedentary behavior is positively related to cancers of the colon, breast, and endometrium. For other cancer types, the current evidence is inconclusive. Underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood and need to be an integral part of future research.

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Title: The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Carmen Jochem
Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich
Michael F. Leitzmann
Publication date: 01-09-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Obesity
Rectal Cancer
Obesity
Rectal Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colon Cancer
Colon Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Published in: Current Nutrition Reports / Issue 3/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0263-4

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