Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Nutrition Reports 3/2019

01-09-2019 | Public Health Nutrition (T Gill, Section Editor)

Food and Beverage Price Promotions: an Untapped Policy Target for Improving Population Diets and Health

Authors: Kathryn Backholer, Gary Sacks, Adrian J. Cameron

Published in: Current Nutrition Reports | Issue 3/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The price of foods and beverages is a critical driver of food choice, particularly among families and households with limited food budgets. Policies targeting unhealthy food and beverage price promotions represent an untapped policy target for improving population diets and health. Here we review policy options for reducing the frequency and influence of price promotions on unhealthy foods and beverages (high in one or more of salt, sugar and saturated fat), and demonstrate their potential to complement other food policies and improve population diets.

Recent Findings

Price promotions on unhealthy foods and beverages are ubiquitous in many settings globally and appear to be more common than price promotions for healthy food. Shoppers appear to be more responsive to price promotions on unhealthy foods and beverages compared to price promotions for healthier items, with evidence that discounts lead to impulse purchases, stockpiling and overconsumption. A range of policy options exist to reduce the influence of price promotions on unhealthy foods and beverages, but none have been tested in the real world, meaning the industry and consumer responses to such policies are unclear.

Summary

Policies that reduce the prevalence and influence of unhealthy food and beverage price promotions should be considered as part of a comprehensive approach to improving population diets.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10010):2287–323.CrossRefPubMed Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(10010):2287–323.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Collaborators GBDD. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2019. May 11; 393(10184):1958–1972. Collaborators GBDD. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2019. May 11; 393(10184):1958–1972.
3.
go back to reference Micha R, Penalvo JL, Cudhea F, Imamura F, Rehm CD, Mozaffarian D. Association between dietary factors and mortality from heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2017;317(9):912–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Micha R, Penalvo JL, Cudhea F, Imamura F, Rehm CD, Mozaffarian D. Association between dietary factors and mortality from heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2017;317(9):912–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(5):w822–31.CrossRef Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(5):w822–31.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Hylands T, Dellea PS, Kamal-Bahl SJ. Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9(5):489–500.CrossRefPubMed Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Hylands T, Dellea PS, Kamal-Bahl SJ. Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9(5):489–500.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference OECD. Obesity and the economics of prevention. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2010.CrossRef OECD. Obesity and the economics of prevention. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2010.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference World Health Organisation. Using price policies to promote healthier diets. 2015. World Health Organisation. Using price policies to promote healthier diets. 2015.
10.
go back to reference Zorbas C, Palermo C, Chung A, Iguacel I, Peeters A, Bennett R, et al. Factors perceived to influence healthy eating: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of the literature. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(12):861–74.PubMed Zorbas C, Palermo C, Chung A, Iguacel I, Peeters A, Bennett R, et al. Factors perceived to influence healthy eating: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of the literature. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(12):861–74.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Brimblecombe J, Ferguson M, Chatfield MD, Liberato SC, Gunther A, Ball K, et al. Effect of a price discount and consumer education strategy on food and beverage purchases in remote indigenous Australia: a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(2):e82–95.CrossRefPubMed Brimblecombe J, Ferguson M, Chatfield MD, Liberato SC, Gunther A, Ball K, et al. Effect of a price discount and consumer education strategy on food and beverage purchases in remote indigenous Australia: a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(2):e82–95.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Ball K, McNaughton SA, Le HN, Gold L, Ni Mhurchu C, Abbott G, et al. Influence of price discounts and skill-building strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: outcomes of the supermarket healthy eating for life randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(5):1055–64.CrossRefPubMed Ball K, McNaughton SA, Le HN, Gold L, Ni Mhurchu C, Abbott G, et al. Influence of price discounts and skill-building strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: outcomes of the supermarket healthy eating for life randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(5):1055–64.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Taillie LS, Rivera JA, Popkin BM, Batis C. Do high vs. low purchasers respond differently to a nonessential energy-dense food tax? Two-year evaluation of Mexico’s 8% nonessential food tax. Prev Med. 2017;105S:S37–42.CrossRefPubMed Taillie LS, Rivera JA, Popkin BM, Batis C. Do high vs. low purchasers respond differently to a nonessential energy-dense food tax? Two-year evaluation of Mexico’s 8% nonessential food tax. Prev Med. 2017;105S:S37–42.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Backholer K, Vandevijvere S, Blake M, Tseng M. Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in 2018: a year of reflections and consolidation. Public Health Nutr. 2018 Dec;21(18):3291–3295. Backholer K, Vandevijvere S, Blake M, Tseng M. Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in 2018: a year of reflections and consolidation. Public Health Nutr. 2018 Dec;21(18):3291–3295.
18.
go back to reference •• Riesenberg D, Backholer K, Zorbas C, Sacks G, Paix A, Marshall J, et al. Frequency and magnitude of price promotions on Australian supermarket food according to food category and product healthiness. Am J Public Health. 2019; In Press. One of the few studies that comprehensively described the prevalence (and depth of discount) of unhealthy food price promotiosn over 12 months. •• Riesenberg D, Backholer K, Zorbas C, Sacks G, Paix A, Marshall J, et al. Frequency and magnitude of price promotions on Australian supermarket food according to food category and product healthiness. Am J Public Health. 2019; In Press. One of the few studies that comprehensively described the prevalence (and depth of discount) of unhealthy food price promotiosn over 12 months.
19.
go back to reference •• Zorbas C, Gillham B, Blake M, Boeleson-Robbinson T, Peeters A, Cameron AJ, et al. Monitoring price promotions for all beverages sold within Australian supermarkets. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2019 Jun 10. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12899 The only study that tracks the weekly price promotion cycle ver 12 months to describe price promotiosn for all beverages in Australia. •• Zorbas C, Gillham B, Blake M, Boeleson-Robbinson T, Peeters A, Cameron AJ, et al. Monitoring price promotions for all beverages sold within Australian supermarkets. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2019 Jun 10. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​1753-6405.​12899 The only study that tracks the weekly price promotion cycle ver 12 months to describe price promotiosn for all beverages in Australia.
21.
go back to reference Chandon P, Wansink B. When are stockpiled products consumed faster? A convenience–salience framework of postpurchase consumption incidence and quantity. J Mark Res. 2002;39(3):321–35.CrossRef Chandon P, Wansink B. When are stockpiled products consumed faster? A convenience–salience framework of postpurchase consumption incidence and quantity. J Mark Res. 2002;39(3):321–35.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Finkelstein SR, Fishbach A. When healthy food makes you hungry. J Consum Res. 2010;37(3):357–67.CrossRef Finkelstein SR, Fishbach A. When healthy food makes you hungry. J Consum Res. 2010;37(3):357–67.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Talukdar D, Lindsey C. To buy or not to buy: consumers’ demand response patterns for healthy versus unhealthy food. J Mark. 2013;77:124–38.CrossRef Talukdar D, Lindsey C. To buy or not to buy: consumers’ demand response patterns for healthy versus unhealthy food. J Mark. 2013;77:124–38.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference • Taillie LS, Ng SW, Xue Y, Harding M. Deal or no deal? The prevalence and nutritional quality of price promotions among U.S. food and beverage purchases. Appetite. 2017;117:365–72. One of the few studies examining the difference in the purchasing behaviour for healthy and less healthy food and beverage price promotions in in the USA. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Taillie LS, Ng SW, Xue Y, Harding M. Deal or no deal? The prevalence and nutritional quality of price promotions among U.S. food and beverage purchases. Appetite. 2017;117:365–72. One of the few studies examining the difference in the purchasing behaviour for healthy and less healthy food and beverage price promotions in in the USA. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference • Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Jebb SA, Pechey R, Almiron-Roig E, Marteau TM. Price promotions on healthier compared with less healthy foods: a hierarchical regression analysis of the impact on sales and social patterning of responses to promotions in Great Britain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(4):808–16. One of the few studies examining the difference in the purchasing behaviour for healthy and less healthy food and beverage price promotions in in the UK. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Jebb SA, Pechey R, Almiron-Roig E, Marteau TM. Price promotions on healthier compared with less healthy foods: a hierarchical regression analysis of the impact on sales and social patterning of responses to promotions in Great Britain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(4):808–16. One of the few studies examining the difference in the purchasing behaviour for healthy and less healthy food and beverage price promotions in in the UK. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Julia C, Hercberg S. Big Food’s opposition to the French nutri-score front-of-pack labeling warrants a global reaction. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(3):318–20.CrossRefPubMed Julia C, Hercberg S. Big Food’s opposition to the French nutri-score front-of-pack labeling warrants a global reaction. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(3):318–20.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Chapman S, Wakefield M. Tobacco control advocacy in Australia: reflections on 30 years of progress. Health Educ Behav. 2001;28(3):274–89.CrossRefPubMed Chapman S, Wakefield M. Tobacco control advocacy in Australia: reflections on 30 years of progress. Health Educ Behav. 2001;28(3):274–89.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Veerman L. The impact of sugared drink taxation and industry response. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(1):e2–3.CrossRefPubMed Veerman L. The impact of sugared drink taxation and industry response. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(1):e2–3.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Onagan FCC, Ho BLC, Chua KKT. Development of a sweetened beverage tax, Philippines. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97(2):154–9.CrossRefPubMed Onagan FCC, Ho BLC, Chua KKT. Development of a sweetened beverage tax, Philippines. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97(2):154–9.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Lawrence M, Woods J, Pollard C. The significant influence of ‘Big Food’ over the design and implementation of the health star rating system. Nutr Diet. 2019;76(1):118.CrossRefPubMed Lawrence M, Woods J, Pollard C. The significant influence of ‘Big Food’ over the design and implementation of the health star rating system. Nutr Diet. 2019;76(1):118.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Pechey R, Morciano M, Roland M, Marteau TM. Impact on alcohol purchasing of a ban on multi-buy promotions: a quasi-experimental evaluation comparing Scotland with England and Wales. Addiction. 2014;109(4):558–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Pechey R, Morciano M, Roland M, Marteau TM. Impact on alcohol purchasing of a ban on multi-buy promotions: a quasi-experimental evaluation comparing Scotland with England and Wales. Addiction. 2014;109(4):558–67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
go back to reference Wirfalt AK, Jeffery RW. Using cluster analysis to examine dietary patterns: nutrient intakes, gender, and weight status differ across food pattern clusters. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(3):272–9.CrossRefPubMed Wirfalt AK, Jeffery RW. Using cluster analysis to examine dietary patterns: nutrient intakes, gender, and weight status differ across food pattern clusters. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(3):272–9.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference WatsonWL, LauV,Wellard L, Hughes C, ChapmanK. Advertising to children initiatives have not reduced unhealthy food advertising on Australian television. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;39(4):787–92. WatsonWL, LauV,Wellard L, Hughes C, ChapmanK. Advertising to children initiatives have not reduced unhealthy food advertising on Australian television. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;39(4):787–92.
Metadata
Title
Food and Beverage Price Promotions: an Untapped Policy Target for Improving Population Diets and Health
Authors
Kathryn Backholer
Gary Sacks
Adrian J. Cameron
Publication date
01-09-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Nutrition Reports / Issue 3/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-00287-z

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Current Nutrition Reports 3/2019 Go to the issue

Cardiovascular Disease (JHY Wu, Section Editor)

The Endocrine Role of Bone in Cardiometabolic Health

Cancer (MF Leitzmann, Section Editor)

The Impact of Diet on Breast Cancer Outcomes

Cancer (MF Leitzmann, Section Editor)

Carbohydrate Nutrition and the Risk of Cancer