Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Nutrition Reports 2/2015

01-06-2015 | Nutrition and Aging (KM Beavers, Section Editor)

Nutritional Vulnerability in Older Adults: A Continuum of Concerns

Authors: Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Shelley R. McDonald, Connie W. Bales

Published in: Current Nutrition Reports | Issue 2/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

A nutritionally vulnerable older adult has a reduced physical reserve that limits the ability to mount a vigorous recovery in the face of an acute health threat or stressor. Often, this vulnerability contributes to more medical complications, longer hospital stays, and increased likelihood of nursing home admission. We have characterized in this review the etiology of nutritional vulnerability across the continuum of the community, hospital, and long-term care settings. Frail older adults may become less vulnerable with strong, consistent, and individualized nutritional care. Interventions for the vulnerable older adult must take their nutritional needs into account to optimize resiliency in the face of the acute and/or chronic health challenges they will surely face in their life course.
Literature
1.••
go back to reference Bernstein M, Munoz N. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: food and nutrition for older adults: promoting health and wellness. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(8):1255–77. This position paper outlines distinct nutritional needs of community-dwelling older adults and how to address them.PubMedCrossRef Bernstein M, Munoz N. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: food and nutrition for older adults: promoting health and wellness. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(8):1255–77. This position paper outlines distinct nutritional needs of community-dwelling older adults and how to address them.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Agarwal E, Miller M, Yaxley A, Isenring E. Malnutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Maturitas. 2013;76(4):296–302.PubMedCrossRef Agarwal E, Miller M, Yaxley A, Isenring E. Malnutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Maturitas. 2013;76(4):296–302.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Soenen S, Chapman IM. Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(9):642–8.PubMedCrossRef Soenen S, Chapman IM. Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(9):642–8.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Gielen E, Verschueren S, O'Neill TW, Pye SR, O'Connell MD, Lee DM, et al. Musculoskeletal frailty: a geriatric syndrome at the core of fracture occurrence in older age. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012;91(3):161–77.PubMedCrossRef Gielen E, Verschueren S, O'Neill TW, Pye SR, O'Connell MD, Lee DM, et al. Musculoskeletal frailty: a geriatric syndrome at the core of fracture occurrence in older age. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012;91(3):161–77.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63.PubMedCrossRef Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Shamliyan T, Talley KM, Ramakrishnan R, Kane RL. Association of frailty with survival: a systematic literature review. Ageing Res Rev. 2013;12(2):719–36.PubMedCrossRef Shamliyan T, Talley KM, Ramakrishnan R, Kane RL. Association of frailty with survival: a systematic literature review. Ageing Res Rev. 2013;12(2):719–36.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Brewer DP, Catlett CS, Porter KN, Lee JS, Hausman DB, Reddy S, et al. Physical limitations contribute to food insecurity and the food insecurity-obesity paradox in older adults at senior centers in Georgia. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):150–69.PubMedCrossRef Brewer DP, Catlett CS, Porter KN, Lee JS, Hausman DB, Reddy S, et al. Physical limitations contribute to food insecurity and the food insecurity-obesity paradox in older adults at senior centers in Georgia. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):150–69.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Penn DM, Fischer JG, Sun Lee J, Hausman DB, Johnson MA. High BMI and waist circumference are associated with a high prevalence of comorbidities in older Americans Act programs in Georgia senior centers. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(9):827–32.PubMedCrossRef Penn DM, Fischer JG, Sun Lee J, Hausman DB, Johnson MA. High BMI and waist circumference are associated with a high prevalence of comorbidities in older Americans Act programs in Georgia senior centers. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(9):827–32.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Porter KN, Johnson MA. Obesity is more strongly associated with inappropriate eating behaviors than with mental health in older adults receiving congregate meals. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;30(4):403–15.PubMedCrossRef Porter KN, Johnson MA. Obesity is more strongly associated with inappropriate eating behaviors than with mental health in older adults receiving congregate meals. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;30(4):403–15.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Johnson MA, Fischer JG, Park S. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the Georgia Older Americans Nutrition Program. J Nutr Elder. 2008;27(1–2):29–46.PubMedCrossRef Johnson MA, Fischer JG, Park S. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the Georgia Older Americans Nutrition Program. J Nutr Elder. 2008;27(1–2):29–46.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Quigley KK, Hermann JR, Warde WD. Factors associated with Oklahoma Older Americans Act Nutrition Program participants’ ability to shop, cook, and feed themselves. J Nutr Elder. 2005;25(2):69–82.PubMedCrossRef Quigley KK, Hermann JR, Warde WD. Factors associated with Oklahoma Older Americans Act Nutrition Program participants’ ability to shop, cook, and feed themselves. J Nutr Elder. 2005;25(2):69–82.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Porter Starr K, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Eating behaviors, mental health, and food intake are associated with obesity in older congregate meal participants. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;33(4):340–56.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Porter Starr K, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Eating behaviors, mental health, and food intake are associated with obesity in older congregate meal participants. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;33(4):340–56.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Lee JS, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Food insecurity, food and nutrition programs, and aging: experiences from Georgia. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):116–49.PubMedCrossRef Lee JS, Fischer JG, Johnson MA. Food insecurity, food and nutrition programs, and aging: experiences from Georgia. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):116–49.PubMedCrossRef
15.•
go back to reference Porter Starr KN, McDonald SR, Bales CW. Obesity and physical frailty in older adults: a scoping review of lifestyle intervention trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014. A recent scoping review of lifestyle interventions targeted towards obese, frail older adults. Porter Starr KN, McDonald SR, Bales CW. Obesity and physical frailty in older adults: a scoping review of lifestyle intervention trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014. A recent scoping review of lifestyle interventions targeted towards obese, frail older adults.
16.
go back to reference Walker AE. Multiple chronic diseases and quality of life: patterns emerging from a large national sample. Aust Chron Illn. 2007;3(3):202–18.CrossRef Walker AE. Multiple chronic diseases and quality of life: patterns emerging from a large national sample. Aust Chron Illn. 2007;3(3):202–18.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Seals DR, Melov S. Translational geroscience: emphasizing function to achieve optimal longevity. Aging (Albany NY). 2014;6(9):718–30. Seals DR, Melov S. Translational geroscience: emphasizing function to achieve optimal longevity. Aging (Albany NY). 2014;6(9):718–30.
18.
go back to reference Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A, Campisi J, Cuervo AM, Epel ES, et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014;159(4):709–13.PubMedCrossRef Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A, Campisi J, Cuervo AM, Epel ES, et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014;159(4):709–13.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ward BW, Schiller JS. Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among US adults: estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Prev Chron Dis. 2013;10:E65. Ward BW, Schiller JS. Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among US adults: estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Prev Chron Dis. 2013;10:E65.
20.
go back to reference Parekh AK, Goodman RA, Gordon C, Koh HK. Managing multiple chronic conditions: a strategic framework for improving health outcomes and quality of life. Public Health Rep. 2011;126(4):460–71.PubMedCentralPubMed Parekh AK, Goodman RA, Gordon C, Koh HK. Managing multiple chronic conditions: a strategic framework for improving health outcomes and quality of life. Public Health Rep. 2011;126(4):460–71.PubMedCentralPubMed
21.
go back to reference Luppa M, Sikorski C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, et al. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life—systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):212–21.PubMedCrossRef Luppa M, Sikorski C, Luck T, Ehreke L, Konnopka A, Wiese B, et al. Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life—systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):212–21.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Djernes JK. Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113(5):372–87.PubMedCrossRef Djernes JK. Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113(5):372–87.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Cabrera MAS, Mesas AE, Garcia ARL, de Andrade SM. Malnutrition and depression among community-dwelling elderly people. J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2007;8(9):582–4.CrossRef Cabrera MAS, Mesas AE, Garcia ARL, de Andrade SM. Malnutrition and depression among community-dwelling elderly people. J Am Med Direct Assoc. 2007;8(9):582–4.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Williams JA, Sink KM, Tooze JA, Atkinson HH, Cauley JA, Yaffe K, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations predict incident depression in well-functioning older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014. Williams JA, Sink KM, Tooze JA, Atkinson HH, Cauley JA, Yaffe K, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations predict incident depression in well-functioning older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014.
25.
go back to reference Gougeon L. Nutritional predictors of depression in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly Canadians: NuAge cohort. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(12):1412.PubMedCrossRef Gougeon L. Nutritional predictors of depression in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly Canadians: NuAge cohort. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(12):1412.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Skarupski KA, Tangney C, Li H, Ouyang B, Evans DA, Morris MC. Longitudinal association of vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 with depressive symptoms among older adults over time. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(2):330–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Skarupski KA, Tangney C, Li H, Ouyang B, Evans DA, Morris MC. Longitudinal association of vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 with depressive symptoms among older adults over time. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(2):330–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Mazereeuw G, Goldberger K, Harimoto T, Lanctôt KL. Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(12):872–8.PubMedCrossRef Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Mazereeuw G, Goldberger K, Harimoto T, Lanctôt KL. Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(12):872–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Coyle CE, Dugan E. Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults. J Aging Health. 2012;24(8):1346–63.PubMedCrossRef Coyle CE, Dugan E. Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults. J Aging Health. 2012;24(8):1346–63.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Dickens AP, Richards SH, Greaves CJ, Campbell JL. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:647.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Dickens AP, Richards SH, Greaves CJ, Campbell JL. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:647.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(15):5797–801.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(15):5797–801.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Romero-Ortuno R, Casey AM, Cunningham CU, Squires S, Prendergast D, Kenny RA, et al. Psychosocial and functional correlates of nutrition among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(7):527–31.PubMedCrossRef Romero-Ortuno R, Casey AM, Cunningham CU, Squires S, Prendergast D, Kenny RA, et al. Psychosocial and functional correlates of nutrition among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(7):527–31.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hughes G, Bennett KM, Hetherington MM. Old and alone: barriers to healthy eating in older men living on their own. Appetite. 2004;43(3):269–76.PubMedCrossRef Hughes G, Bennett KM, Hetherington MM. Old and alone: barriers to healthy eating in older men living on their own. Appetite. 2004;43(3):269–76.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Holwerda TJ, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, Stek ML, van Tilburg TG, Visser PJ, et al. Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). Psychol Med. 2012;42(4):843–53.PubMedCrossRef Holwerda TJ, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, Stek ML, van Tilburg TG, Visser PJ, et al. Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). Psychol Med. 2012;42(4):843–53.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Bickel G, Nord M, Prince C, Hamilton W, Cook J. Guide to measuring household food security revised. In: U.S. Department of Agriculture FaNS, ed. Alexandria, VA; 2000. Bickel G, Nord M, Prince C, Hamilton W, Cook J. Guide to measuring household food security revised. In: U.S. Department of Agriculture FaNS, ed. Alexandria, VA; 2000.
36.
go back to reference Coleman-Jensen A, Nord M, Singh A. Household food security in the United States in 2012, ERR-155. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Economic Research Service 2013. Coleman-Jensen A, Nord M, Singh A. Household food security in the United States in 2012, ERR-155. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Economic Research Service 2013.
37.
go back to reference Ziliak J, Gundersen C. The state of senior hunger in America 2012: an annual report. National Foundation to End Senior Hunger; 2014. Ziliak J, Gundersen C. The state of senior hunger in America 2012: an annual report. National Foundation to End Senior Hunger; 2014.
38.
go back to reference Cook JT, Frank DA. Food security, poverty, and human development in the United States. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:193–209.PubMedCrossRef Cook JT, Frank DA. Food security, poverty, and human development in the United States. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:193–209.PubMedCrossRef
39.•
go back to reference Buys DR, Locher JL. Food insecurity and hunger among older adults. In: Bales C, Locher J, Saltzman E, editors. Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; 2014. p. 147–59. This chapter provides a succint discussion of food inscruity and hunger in the aging population and how to address it. Buys DR, Locher JL. Food insecurity and hunger among older adults. In: Bales C, Locher J, Saltzman E, editors. Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; 2014. p. 147–59. This chapter provides a succint discussion of food inscruity and hunger in the aging population and how to address it.
40.
go back to reference Alley DE, Soldo BJ, Pagán JA, McCabe J, de Blois M, Field SH, et al. Material resources and population health: disadvantages in health care, housing, and food among adults over 50 years of age. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 Suppl 3:S693–701.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Alley DE, Soldo BJ, Pagán JA, McCabe J, de Blois M, Field SH, et al. Material resources and population health: disadvantages in health care, housing, and food among adults over 50 years of age. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 Suppl 3:S693–701.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Seligman HK, Laraia BA, Kushel MB. Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. J Nutr. 2010;140(2):304–10.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Seligman HK, Laraia BA, Kushel MB. Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. J Nutr. 2010;140(2):304–10.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Lee JS, Gundersen C, Cook J, Laraia B, Johnson MA. Food insecurity and health across the lifespan. Adv Nutr Int Rev J. 2012;3(5):744–5.CrossRef Lee JS, Gundersen C, Cook J, Laraia B, Johnson MA. Food insecurity and health across the lifespan. Adv Nutr Int Rev J. 2012;3(5):744–5.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Holben DH, Pheley AM. Diabetes risk and obesity in food-insecure households in rural Appalachian Ohio. Prev Chron Dis. 2006;3(3):A82. Holben DH, Pheley AM. Diabetes risk and obesity in food-insecure households in rural Appalachian Ohio. Prev Chron Dis. 2006;3(3):A82.
44.
go back to reference Klesges LM, Pahor M, Shorr RI, Wan JY, Williamson JD, Guralnik JM. Financial difficulty in acquiring food among elderly disabled women: results from the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(1):68–75.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Klesges LM, Pahor M, Shorr RI, Wan JY, Williamson JD, Guralnik JM. Financial difficulty in acquiring food among elderly disabled women: results from the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(1):68–75.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Dinour LM, Bergen D, Yeh MC. The food insecurity-obesity paradox: a review of the literature and the role food stamps may play. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(11):1952–61.PubMedCrossRef Dinour LM, Bergen D, Yeh MC. The food insecurity-obesity paradox: a review of the literature and the role food stamps may play. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(11):1952–61.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Kim K, Frongillo EA. Participation in food assistance programs modifies the relation of food insecurity with weight and depression in elders. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):1005–10.PubMed Kim K, Frongillo EA. Participation in food assistance programs modifies the relation of food insecurity with weight and depression in elders. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):1005–10.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Stuff JE, Casey PH, Szeto KL, Gossett JM, Robbins JM, Simpson PM, et al. Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status. J Nutr. 2004;134(9):2330–5.PubMed Stuff JE, Casey PH, Szeto KL, Gossett JM, Robbins JM, Simpson PM, et al. Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status. J Nutr. 2004;134(9):2330–5.PubMed
48.
49.
go back to reference Lee MR, Berthelot ER. Community covariates of malnutrition-based mortality among older adults. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20(5):371–9.PubMedCrossRef Lee MR, Berthelot ER. Community covariates of malnutrition-based mortality among older adults. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20(5):371–9.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Jensen GL. Inflammation as the key interface of the medical and nutrition universes: a provocative examination of the future of clinical nutrition and medicine. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(5):453–63.PubMedCrossRef Jensen GL. Inflammation as the key interface of the medical and nutrition universes: a provocative examination of the future of clinical nutrition and medicine. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(5):453–63.PubMedCrossRef
51.••
go back to reference Tappenden KA, Quatrara B, Parkhurst ML, Malone AM, Fanjiang G, Ziegler TR. Critical role of nutrition in improving quality of care: an interdisciplinary call to action to address adult hospital malnutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(9):1219–37. This article highlights the immediate need for identifying and addressing malnutrition in the hospital setting.PubMedCrossRef Tappenden KA, Quatrara B, Parkhurst ML, Malone AM, Fanjiang G, Ziegler TR. Critical role of nutrition in improving quality of care: an interdisciplinary call to action to address adult hospital malnutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(9):1219–37. This article highlights the immediate need for identifying and addressing malnutrition in the hospital setting.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(5):730–8.PubMedCrossRef White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, Malone A, Schofield M. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(5):730–8.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Corkins MR, Guenter P, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Jensen GL, Malone A, Miller S, et al. Malnutrition diagnoses in hospitalized patients: United States, 2010. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(2):186–95.PubMedCrossRef Corkins MR, Guenter P, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Jensen GL, Malone A, Miller S, et al. Malnutrition diagnoses in hospitalized patients: United States, 2010. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(2):186–95.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A. Overview of hospital stays in the United States, 2012. HCUP Statistical Brief #180. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014. Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A. Overview of hospital stays in the United States, 2012. HCUP Statistical Brief #180. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014.
56.
go back to reference Col N, Fanale JE, Kronholm P. The role of medication noncompliance and adverse drug reactions in hospitalizations of the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(4):841–5.PubMedCrossRef Col N, Fanale JE, Kronholm P. The role of medication noncompliance and adverse drug reactions in hospitalizations of the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(4):841–5.PubMedCrossRef
57.
58.
go back to reference Fernandez HM, Callahan KE, Likourezos A, Leipzig RM. House staff member awareness of older inpatients’ risks for hazards of hospitalization. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(4):390–6.PubMedCrossRef Fernandez HM, Callahan KE, Likourezos A, Leipzig RM. House staff member awareness of older inpatients’ risks for hazards of hospitalization. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(4):390–6.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, et al. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1734–8.PubMedCrossRef Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, et al. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1734–8.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Mowe M, Bøhmer T, Kindt E. Reduced nutritional status in an elderly population (>70 y) is probable before disease and possibly contributes to the development of disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59(2):317–24.PubMed Mowe M, Bøhmer T, Kindt E. Reduced nutritional status in an elderly population (>70 y) is probable before disease and possibly contributes to the development of disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59(2):317–24.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Cerri AP, Bellelli G, Mazzone A, Pittella F, Landi F, Zambon A, et al. Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: Prevalence and outcomes. Clin Nutr. 2014. Cerri AP, Bellelli G, Mazzone A, Pittella F, Landi F, Zambon A, et al. Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: Prevalence and outcomes. Clin Nutr. 2014.
62.
go back to reference Heersink JT, Brown CJ, Dimaria-Ghalili RA, Locher JL. Undernutrition in hospitalized older adults: patterns and correlates, outcomes, and opportunities for intervention with a focus on processes of care. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(1):4–41.PubMedCrossRef Heersink JT, Brown CJ, Dimaria-Ghalili RA, Locher JL. Undernutrition in hospitalized older adults: patterns and correlates, outcomes, and opportunities for intervention with a focus on processes of care. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(1):4–41.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Buie VC, Owings MF, DeFrances CJ, Golosinskiy A. National hospital discharge survey: 2006 annual summary. Vital Health Stat. 2010;13(168):1–79. Buie VC, Owings MF, DeFrances CJ, Golosinskiy A. National hospital discharge survey: 2006 annual summary. Vital Health Stat. 2010;13(168):1–79.
64.
go back to reference Inoue M, Kinoshita K, Sano F, Kobayashi M, Yasuda S, Sowa T, et al. Perioperative nutritional support with immune-enhancing diet for surgical closure of open thoracic window. Kyobu Geka. 2012;65(7):559–62.PubMed Inoue M, Kinoshita K, Sano F, Kobayashi M, Yasuda S, Sowa T, et al. Perioperative nutritional support with immune-enhancing diet for surgical closure of open thoracic window. Kyobu Geka. 2012;65(7):559–62.PubMed
65.•
go back to reference Martindale RG, McClave SA, Taylor B, Lawson CM. Perioperative nutrition: what is the current landscape? J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013;37(5 suppl):5S–20S. This article provides a detailed and compendious description of preoperative nutritional strategies to improve recovery and reduce adverse outcomes.CrossRef Martindale RG, McClave SA, Taylor B, Lawson CM. Perioperative nutrition: what is the current landscape? J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013;37(5 suppl):5S–20S. This article provides a detailed and compendious description of preoperative nutritional strategies to improve recovery and reduce adverse outcomes.CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Greene KA, Wilde AH, Stulberg BN. Preoperative nutritional status of total joint patients: relationship to postoperative wound complications. J Arthroplasty. 1991;6(4):321–5.PubMedCrossRef Greene KA, Wilde AH, Stulberg BN. Preoperative nutritional status of total joint patients: relationship to postoperative wound complications. J Arthroplasty. 1991;6(4):321–5.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Guo JJ, Yang H, Qian H, Huang L, Guo Z, Tang T. The effects of different nutritional measurements on delayed wound healing after hip fracture in the elderly. J Surg Res. 2010;159(1):503–8.PubMedCrossRef Guo JJ, Yang H, Qian H, Huang L, Guo Z, Tang T. The effects of different nutritional measurements on delayed wound healing after hip fracture in the elderly. J Surg Res. 2010;159(1):503–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Foster MR, Heppenstall RB, Friedenberg ZB, Hozack WJ. A prospective assessment of nutritional status and complications in patients with fractures of the hip. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(1):49–57.PubMedCrossRef Foster MR, Heppenstall RB, Friedenberg ZB, Hozack WJ. A prospective assessment of nutritional status and complications in patients with fractures of the hip. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(1):49–57.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Cerri AP, Bellelli G, Mazzone A, Pittella F, Landi F, Zambon A, et al. Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: prevalence and outcomes. Clin Nutr. 2014. Cerri AP, Bellelli G, Mazzone A, Pittella F, Landi F, Zambon A, et al. Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: prevalence and outcomes. Clin Nutr. 2014.
70.
go back to reference Patel V, Romano M, Corkins MR, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Earthman C, Malone A, et al. Nutrition screening and assessment in hospitalized patients a survey of current practice in the United States. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014;29(4):483–90.PubMedCrossRef Patel V, Romano M, Corkins MR, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Earthman C, Malone A, et al. Nutrition screening and assessment in hospitalized patients a survey of current practice in the United States. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014;29(4):483–90.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Graham CL, Ivey SL, Neuhauser L. From hospital to home: assessing the transitional care needs of vulnerable seniors. Gerontologist. 2009;49(1):23–33.PubMedCrossRef Graham CL, Ivey SL, Neuhauser L. From hospital to home: assessing the transitional care needs of vulnerable seniors. Gerontologist. 2009;49(1):23–33.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Boling PA. Managing posthospital care transitions for older adults: challenges and opportunities. JAMA. 2014;312(13):1303–4.PubMedCrossRef Boling PA. Managing posthospital care transitions for older adults: challenges and opportunities. JAMA. 2014;312(13):1303–4.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Locher JL, Wellman NS. “Never the twain shall meet:” dual systems exacerbate malnutrition in older adults recently discharged from hospitals. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;30(1):24–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Locher JL, Wellman NS. “Never the twain shall meet:” dual systems exacerbate malnutrition in older adults recently discharged from hospitals. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;30(1):24–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Sahyoun NR, Akobundu U, Coray K, Netterville L. Challenges in the delivery of nutrition services to hospital discharged older adults: the community connections demonstration project. J Nutr Elder. 2009;28(2):127–42.PubMedCrossRef Sahyoun NR, Akobundu U, Coray K, Netterville L. Challenges in the delivery of nutrition services to hospital discharged older adults: the community connections demonstration project. J Nutr Elder. 2009;28(2):127–42.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Sahyoun NR, Anyanwu UO, Sharkey JR, Netterville L. Recently hospital-discharged older adults are vulnerable and may be underserved by the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):227–40.PubMedCrossRef Sahyoun NR, Anyanwu UO, Sharkey JR, Netterville L. Recently hospital-discharged older adults are vulnerable and may be underserved by the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(2):227–40.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Kayser-Jones J. Malnutrition, dehydration, and starvation in the midst of plenty: the political impact of qualitative inquiry. Qual Health Res. 2002;12(10):1391–405.PubMedCrossRef Kayser-Jones J. Malnutrition, dehydration, and starvation in the midst of plenty: the political impact of qualitative inquiry. Qual Health Res. 2002;12(10):1391–405.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Bell CL, Tamura BK, Masaki KH, Amella EJ. Prevalence and measures of nutritional compromise among nursing home patients: weight loss, low body mass index, malnutrition, and feeding dependency, a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(2):94–100.PubMedCrossRef Bell CL, Tamura BK, Masaki KH, Amella EJ. Prevalence and measures of nutritional compromise among nursing home patients: weight loss, low body mass index, malnutrition, and feeding dependency, a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(2):94–100.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Pauly L, Stehle P, Volkert D. Nutritional situation of elderly nursing home residents. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;40(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef Pauly L, Stehle P, Volkert D. Nutritional situation of elderly nursing home residents. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;40(1):3–12.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Serrano-Urrea R, Garcia-Meseguer MJ. Malnutrition in an elderly population without cognitive impairment living in nursing homes in Spain: study of prevalence using the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Gerontology. 2013;59(6):490–8.PubMedCrossRef Serrano-Urrea R, Garcia-Meseguer MJ. Malnutrition in an elderly population without cognitive impairment living in nursing homes in Spain: study of prevalence using the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Gerontology. 2013;59(6):490–8.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Sloane PD, Ivey J, Helton M, Barrick AL, Cerna A. Nutritional issues in long-term care. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(7):476–85.PubMedCrossRef Sloane PD, Ivey J, Helton M, Barrick AL, Cerna A. Nutritional issues in long-term care. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(7):476–85.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Bell CL, Lee AS, Tamura BK. Malnutrition in the nursing home. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(1):17–23.PubMedCrossRef Bell CL, Lee AS, Tamura BK. Malnutrition in the nursing home. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(1):17–23.PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Cowan DT, Roberts JD, Fitzpatrick JM, While AE, Baldwin J. Nutritional status of older people in long term care settings: current status and future directions. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41(3):225–37.PubMedCrossRef Cowan DT, Roberts JD, Fitzpatrick JM, While AE, Baldwin J. Nutritional status of older people in long term care settings: current status and future directions. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004;41(3):225–37.PubMedCrossRef
84.•
go back to reference Tamura BK, Bell CL, Masaki KH, Amella EJ. Factors associated with weight loss, low BMI, and malnutrition among nursing home patients: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(9):649–55. A thorough and recent systematic review of studies of malnutrition and weight loss in nursing homes.PubMedCrossRef Tamura BK, Bell CL, Masaki KH, Amella EJ. Factors associated with weight loss, low BMI, and malnutrition among nursing home patients: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(9):649–55. A thorough and recent systematic review of studies of malnutrition and weight loss in nursing homes.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Messinger-Rapport BJ, Gammack JK, Little MO, Morley JE. Clinical update on nursing home medicine: 2014. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(11):786–801.PubMedCrossRef Messinger-Rapport BJ, Gammack JK, Little MO, Morley JE. Clinical update on nursing home medicine: 2014. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(11):786–801.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Powell LS, Felix HC, Bradway C, Miller E, Heivly A, Fleshner I. Additional research on the cost of caring for obese nursing home residents is critical to maintaining adequate resources in the long-term care industry. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11(3):222.PubMedCrossRef Powell LS, Felix HC, Bradway C, Miller E, Heivly A, Fleshner I. Additional research on the cost of caring for obese nursing home residents is critical to maintaining adequate resources in the long-term care industry. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11(3):222.PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Felix HC. Personal care assistance needs of obese elders entering nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(5):319–26.PubMedCrossRef Felix HC. Personal care assistance needs of obese elders entering nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(5):319–26.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Buys DR, Roth DL, Ritchie CS, Sawyer P, Allman RM, Funkhouser EM, et al. Nutritional risk and body mass index predict hospitalization, nursing home admissions, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults: results from the UAB Study of Aging with 8.5 years of follow-up. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(9):1146–53.PubMedCrossRef Buys DR, Roth DL, Ritchie CS, Sawyer P, Allman RM, Funkhouser EM, et al. Nutritional risk and body mass index predict hospitalization, nursing home admissions, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults: results from the UAB Study of Aging with 8.5 years of follow-up. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(9):1146–53.PubMedCrossRef
89.••
go back to reference Aselage M, Amella EJ, Rose SB, Bales CW. Dementia-related mealtime difficulties: assessment and management in the long-term care setting. In: Bales CW, Locher JL, Saltzman ES, editors. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. 3rd ed. Springer 2014. This chapter provides a detailed and comprehensive discussion of dementia-related feeding difficultites and their management, including different approaches to careful hand feeding. Aselage M, Amella EJ, Rose SB, Bales CW. Dementia-related mealtime difficulties: assessment and management in the long-term care setting. In: Bales CW, Locher JL, Saltzman ES, editors. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. 3rd ed. Springer 2014. This chapter provides a detailed and comprehensive discussion of dementia-related feeding difficultites and their management, including different approaches to careful hand feeding.
90.
go back to reference Heuberger RA. Artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(4):347–85.PubMedCrossRef Heuberger RA. Artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(4):347–85.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Galanos AN, Neff EC, Heuberger RA. What is “optimal nourishment” for older adults at the end of life? A conversation. Interview by Connie W. Bales. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(4):386–92.PubMedCrossRef Galanos AN, Neff EC, Heuberger RA. What is “optimal nourishment” for older adults at the end of life? A conversation. Interview by Connie W. Bales. J Nutr Elder. 2010;29(4):386–92.PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Fischberg D, Bull J, Casarett D, Hanson LC, Klein SM, Rotella J, et al. Five things physicians and patients should question in hospice and palliative medicine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013;45(3):595–605.PubMedCrossRef Fischberg D, Bull J, Casarett D, Hanson LC, Klein SM, Rotella J, et al. Five things physicians and patients should question in hospice and palliative medicine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013;45(3):595–605.PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Hanson LC, Carey TS, Caprio AJ, Lee TJ, Ersek M, Garrett J, et al. Improving decision-making for feeding options in advanced dementia: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(11):2009–16.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hanson LC, Carey TS, Caprio AJ, Lee TJ, Ersek M, Garrett J, et al. Improving decision-making for feeding options in advanced dementia: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(11):2009–16.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Candy B, Sampson EL, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding in older people with advanced dementia: findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009;15(8):396–404.PubMedCrossRef Candy B, Sampson EL, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding in older people with advanced dementia: findings from a Cochrane systematic review. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2009;15(8):396–404.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Kuo SK, Gozalo PL, Rhodes RL, Lima JC, et al. Decision-making and outcomes of feeding tube insertion: a five-state study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(5):881–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Kuo SK, Gozalo PL, Rhodes RL, Lima JC, et al. Decision-making and outcomes of feeding tube insertion: a five-state study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(5):881–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Committee AGSECaCPaMoC. American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(8):1590–3.CrossRef Committee AGSECaCPaMoC. American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(8):1590–3.CrossRef
97.
go back to reference Yukawa M, Seel RC. Nutrition at the end of life. In: Bales CW, Locher JL, Saltzman E, editors. Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; 2014. p. 303–12. Yukawa M, Seel RC. Nutrition at the end of life. In: Bales CW, Locher JL, Saltzman E, editors. Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; 2014. p. 303–12.
98.
go back to reference Del Rio MI, Shand B, Bonati P, Palma A, Maldonado A, Taboada P, et al. Hydration and nutrition at the end of life: a systematic review of emotional impact, perceptions, and decision-making among patients, family, and health care staff. Psychooncology. 2012;21(9):913–21.PubMedCrossRef Del Rio MI, Shand B, Bonati P, Palma A, Maldonado A, Taboada P, et al. Hydration and nutrition at the end of life: a systematic review of emotional impact, perceptions, and decision-making among patients, family, and health care staff. Psychooncology. 2012;21(9):913–21.PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Yang Y, Brown CJ, Burgio KL, Kilgore ML, Ritchie CS, Roth DL, et al. Undernutrition at baseline and health services utilization and mortality over a 1-year period in older adults receiving Medicare home health services. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(4):287–94.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yang Y, Brown CJ, Burgio KL, Kilgore ML, Ritchie CS, Roth DL, et al. Undernutrition at baseline and health services utilization and mortality over a 1-year period in older adults receiving Medicare home health services. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(4):287–94.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Nutritional Vulnerability in Older Adults: A Continuum of Concerns
Authors
Kathryn N. Porter Starr
Shelley R. McDonald
Connie W. Bales
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Nutrition Reports / Issue 2/2015
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-015-0118-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Current Nutrition Reports 2/2015 Go to the issue

Neurological Disease and Cognitive Function (G Logroscino, Section Editor)

Let Food Be Thy Medicine: Diet, Nutrition, and Biomarkers’ Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurological Disease and Cognitive Function (G Logroscino, Section Editor)

Patterns of Japanese Diet and Risk of Dementia