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01-02-2020 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cognitive impairment and CSF proteome modification after oral bacteriotherapy in HIV patients

Authors: Claudia Landi, Letizia Santinelli, Laura Bianchi, Enxhi Shaba, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Eugenio Nelson Cavallari, Cristian Borrazzo, Claudia Pinacchio, Carolina Scagnolari, Vincenzo Vullo, Luca Bini, Gabriella d’Ettorre

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether a probiotic supplementation to cART patients modifies the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome and improves neurocognitive impairment. Methods: 26 CSF samples from 13 HIV-positive patients [six patients living with HIV (PLHIV) and seven patients with a history of AIDS (PHAIDS)] were analyzed. All patients underwent to neurocognitive evaluation and blood sampling at baseline and after 6 months of oral bacteriotherapy. Immune phenotyping and activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were evaluated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Plasma levels of IL-6, sCD14, and MIP-1β were detected, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Functional proteomic analysis of CSF sample was conducted by two-dimensional electrophoresis; a multivariate analysis was performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and data were enriched by STRING software. Results: Oral bacteriotherapy leads to an improvement on several cognitive test and neurocognitive performance in both groups of HIV-positive subjects. A reduction in the percentage of CD4⁺CD38⁺HLA–DR⁺ T cells was also observed at peripheral level after the probiotic intake (p = 0.008). In addition, the probiotic supplementation to cART significantly modifies protein species composition and abundance at the CSF level, especially those related to inflammation (β2-microglobulin p = 0.03; haptoglobin p = 0.06; albumin p = 0.003; hemoglobin p = 0.003; immunoglobulin heavy chains constant region p = 0.02, transthyretin p = 0.02) in PLHIV and PHAIDS. Conclusions: Our results suggest that oral bacteriotherapy as a supplement to cART could exert a role in the amelioration of inflammation state at peripheral and CNS level.

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Title: Cognitive impairment and CSF proteome modification after oral bacteriotherapy in HIV patients
Authors: Claudia Landi
Letizia Santinelli
Laura Bianchi
Enxhi Shaba
Giancarlo Ceccarelli
Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
Cristian Borrazzo
Claudia Pinacchio
Carolina Scagnolari
Vincenzo Vullo
Luca Bini
Gabriella d’Ettorre
Publication date: 01-02-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-019-00801-7

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Cognitive impairment and CSF proteome modification after oral bacteriotherapy in HIV patients

Abstract

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Abstract

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