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Diabetology International
Published in: Diabetology International 2/2017

01-06-2017 | Review Article

Lessons from basic pancreatic beta cell research in type-2 diabetes and vascular complications

Authors: Lena Eliasson, Jonathan Lou S. Esguerra, Anna Wendt

Published in: Diabetology International | Issue 2/2017

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Abstract

The changes in life-style with increased access of food and reduced physical activity have resulted in the global epidemic of obesity. Consequently, individuals with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease have also escalated. A central organ in the development of diabetes is the pancreas, and more specifically the pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans. Beta cells have been assigned the important task of secreting insulin when blood glucose is increased to lower the glucose level. An early sign of diabetes pathogenesis is lack of first phase insulin response and reduced second phase secretion. In this review, which is based on the foreign investigator award lecture given at the JSDC meeting in Sendai in October 2016, we discuss a possible cellular explanation for the reduced first phase insulin response and how this can be influenced by lipids. Moreover, since patients with cardiovascular disease and high levels of cholesterol are often treated with statins, we summarize recent data regarding effects on statins on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Finally, we suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) as central players in the adjustment of beta cell function during the development of diabetes. We specifically discuss miRNAs regarding their involvement in insulin secretion regulation, differential expression in type 2 diabetes, and potential as biomarkers for prediction of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Metadata
Title
Lessons from basic pancreatic beta cell research in type-2 diabetes and vascular complications
Authors
Lena Eliasson
Jonathan Lou S. Esguerra
Anna Wendt
Publication date
01-06-2017
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Diabetology International / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 2190-1678
Electronic ISSN: 2190-1686
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-017-0304-4

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