Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Insights into Imaging 4/2012

Open Access 01-08-2012 | Original Article

Stereology: a novel technique for rapid assessment of liver volume

Authors: Michael R. Torkzad, Agneta Norén, Joel Kullberg

Published in: Insights into Imaging | Issue 4/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to test the stereology method using several grid sizes for measuring liver volume and to find which grid provides an accurate estimate of liver volume.

Materials and methods

Liver volume was measured by volumetry in 41 sets of liver MRI. MRI was performed before and after different weight-reducing regimens. Grids of 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm were used to measure liver volume on different occasions by stereology. The liver volume and the changes in volume before and after treatment were compared between stereology and volumetry.

Results

There was no significant difference in measurements between stereology methods and volumetry (p > 0.05). The mean differences in liver volume between stereology based on 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-cm grids and volumetry were 37, 3, 132, and 23 mL, respectively, and the differences in measurement of liver volume change were 21, 2, 19, and 76 mL, respectively. The mean time required for measurement by stereology was 59–190 s.

Conclusion

Stereology employing 3- and 4-cm grids can rapidly provide accurate results for measuring liver volume and changes in liver volume.

Main Messages

Statistical methods can be used for measuring area/volume in radiology.
Measuring liver volume by stereology by 4-cm grids can be done in less than two minutes.
Follow-up of liver volume is highly accurate with stereological methods.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hori M, Suzuki K, Epstein ML, Baron RL (2011) Computed tomography liver volumetry using 3-dimensional image data in living donor liver transplantation: effects of the slice thickness on the volume calculation. Liver Transpl 17(12):1427–1436CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hori M, Suzuki K, Epstein ML, Baron RL (2011) Computed tomography liver volumetry using 3-dimensional image data in living donor liver transplantation: effects of the slice thickness on the volume calculation. Liver Transpl 17(12):1427–1436CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Perkins JD (2009) Another formula to determine the prognosis of patients with acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 15(8):986–991CrossRefPubMed Perkins JD (2009) Another formula to determine the prognosis of patients with acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 15(8):986–991CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Nakayama Y, Li Q, Katsuragawa S, Ikeda R, Hiai Y, Awai K, Kusunoki S, Yamashita Y, Okajima H, Inomata Y, Doi K (2006) Automated hepatic volumetry for living related liver transplantation at multisection CT. Radiology 240(3):743–748CrossRefPubMed Nakayama Y, Li Q, Katsuragawa S, Ikeda R, Hiai Y, Awai K, Kusunoki S, Yamashita Y, Okajima H, Inomata Y, Doi K (2006) Automated hepatic volumetry for living related liver transplantation at multisection CT. Radiology 240(3):743–748CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Karlo C, Reiner CS, Stolzmann P, Breitenstein S, Marincek B, Weishaupt D, Frauenfelder T (2010) CT- and MRI-based volumetry of resected liver specimen: comparison to intraoperative volume and weight measurements and calculation of conversion factors. Eur J Radiol 75(1):e107–e111CrossRefPubMed Karlo C, Reiner CS, Stolzmann P, Breitenstein S, Marincek B, Weishaupt D, Frauenfelder T (2010) CT- and MRI-based volumetry of resected liver specimen: comparison to intraoperative volume and weight measurements and calculation of conversion factors. Eur J Radiol 75(1):e107–e111CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Boyce RW, Dorph-Petersen KA, Lyck L, Gundersen HJ (2010) Design-based stereology: introduction to basic concepts and practical approaches for estimation of cell number. Toxicol Pathol 38(7):1011–1025CrossRefPubMed Boyce RW, Dorph-Petersen KA, Lyck L, Gundersen HJ (2010) Design-based stereology: introduction to basic concepts and practical approaches for estimation of cell number. Toxicol Pathol 38(7):1011–1025CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Kamp S, Jemec GB, Kemp K, Kjeldsen CR, Stenderup K, Pakkenberg B, Dam TN (2009) Application of stereology to dermatological research. Exp Dermatol 18(12):1001–1009CrossRefPubMed Kamp S, Jemec GB, Kemp K, Kjeldsen CR, Stenderup K, Pakkenberg B, Dam TN (2009) Application of stereology to dermatological research. Exp Dermatol 18(12):1001–1009CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Mühlfeld C, Nyengaard JR, Mayhew TM (2010) A review of state-of-the-art stereology for better quantitative 3D morphology in cardiac research. Cardiovasc Pathol 19(2):65–82CrossRefPubMed Mühlfeld C, Nyengaard JR, Mayhew TM (2010) A review of state-of-the-art stereology for better quantitative 3D morphology in cardiac research. Cardiovasc Pathol 19(2):65–82CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Dockery P, Fraher J (2007) The quantification of vascular beds: a stereological approach. Exp Mol Pathol 82(2):110–120CrossRefPubMed Dockery P, Fraher J (2007) The quantification of vascular beds: a stereological approach. Exp Mol Pathol 82(2):110–120CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Weibel ER, Hsia CC, Ochs M (2007) How much is there really? Why stereology is essential in lung morphometry. J Appl Physiol 102(1):459–467CrossRefPubMed Weibel ER, Hsia CC, Ochs M (2007) How much is there really? Why stereology is essential in lung morphometry. J Appl Physiol 102(1):459–467CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Nyengaard JR, Gundersen HJ (2006) Direct and efficient stereological estimation of total cell quantities using electron microscopy. J Microsc 222(Pt 3):182–187CrossRefPubMed Nyengaard JR, Gundersen HJ (2006) Direct and efficient stereological estimation of total cell quantities using electron microscopy. J Microsc 222(Pt 3):182–187CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Torkzad M, Lindholm J, Martling A, Blomqvist L (2003) Retrospective measurement of different size parameters of non-radiated rectal cancer on MR images and pathology slides and their comparison. Eur Radiol 13(10):2271–2277CrossRefPubMed Torkzad M, Lindholm J, Martling A, Blomqvist L (2003) Retrospective measurement of different size parameters of non-radiated rectal cancer on MR images and pathology slides and their comparison. Eur Radiol 13(10):2271–2277CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kullberg J, Sundbom M, Haenni A, Freden S, Johansson L, Börnert P, Ahlström A, Ahlström H, Karlsson A (2011) Gastric bypass promotes more lipid mobilization than a similar weight loss induced by low-calorie diet. J Obes 2011:959–601CrossRef Kullberg J, Sundbom M, Haenni A, Freden S, Johansson L, Börnert P, Ahlström A, Ahlström H, Karlsson A (2011) Gastric bypass promotes more lipid mobilization than a similar weight loss induced by low-calorie diet. J Obes 2011:959–601CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Aydinli B, Kantarci M, Polat KY, Unal B, Atamanalp SS, Durur I, Unal D, Akgun M (2006) Stereological evaluation of treatment response in patients with non-resectable hepatic alveolar echinococcosis using computed tomography via the Cavalieri method. Liver Int 26(10):1234–1240CrossRefPubMed Aydinli B, Kantarci M, Polat KY, Unal B, Atamanalp SS, Durur I, Unal D, Akgun M (2006) Stereological evaluation of treatment response in patients with non-resectable hepatic alveolar echinococcosis using computed tomography via the Cavalieri method. Liver Int 26(10):1234–1240CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Mantatzis M, Prassopoulos P, Maris T, Varveris H, Gourtsoyiannis N (2004) Stereology versus planimetry to estimate the volume of malignant liver lesions on MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 22(7):1011–1016CrossRefPubMed Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Mantatzis M, Prassopoulos P, Maris T, Varveris H, Gourtsoyiannis N (2004) Stereology versus planimetry to estimate the volume of malignant liver lesions on MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 22(7):1011–1016CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Ghugre NR, Gonzalez-Gomez I, Shimada H, Coates TD, Wood JC (2010) Quantitative analysis and modelling of hepatic iron stores using stereology and spatial statistics. J Microsc 238(3):265–274CrossRefPubMed Ghugre NR, Gonzalez-Gomez I, Shimada H, Coates TD, Wood JC (2010) Quantitative analysis and modelling of hepatic iron stores using stereology and spatial statistics. J Microsc 238(3):265–274CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Ijichi H, Soejima Y, Nishizaki T, Maehara Y (2008) Estimation of standard liver volume for Japanese adults. Transplant Proc 40(5):1456–1460CrossRefPubMed Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Ijichi H, Soejima Y, Nishizaki T, Maehara Y (2008) Estimation of standard liver volume for Japanese adults. Transplant Proc 40(5):1456–1460CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Duran C, Aydinli B, Tokat Y, Yuzer Y, Kantarci M, Akgun M, Polat KY, Unal B, Killi R, Atamanalp SS (2007) Stereological evaluation of liver volume in living donor liver transplantation using MDCT via the Cavalieri method. Liver Transpl 13(5):693–698CrossRefPubMed Duran C, Aydinli B, Tokat Y, Yuzer Y, Kantarci M, Akgun M, Polat KY, Unal B, Killi R, Atamanalp SS (2007) Stereological evaluation of liver volume in living donor liver transplantation using MDCT via the Cavalieri method. Liver Transpl 13(5):693–698CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Doherty CP, Fitzsimons M, Holohan T, Mohamed HB, Farrell M, Meredith GE, Staunton H (2000) Accuracy and validity of stereology as a quantitative method for assessment of human temporal lobe volumes acquired by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 18(8):1017–1025CrossRefPubMed Doherty CP, Fitzsimons M, Holohan T, Mohamed HB, Farrell M, Meredith GE, Staunton H (2000) Accuracy and validity of stereology as a quantitative method for assessment of human temporal lobe volumes acquired by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 18(8):1017–1025CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Maris T, Prassopoulos P, Gourtsoyiannis N (2002) Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating liver volume using magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 15(5):557–563CrossRefPubMed Mazonakis M, Damilakis J, Maris T, Prassopoulos P, Gourtsoyiannis N (2002) Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating liver volume using magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 15(5):557–563CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Reiner CS, Karlo C, Petrowsky H, Marincek B, Weishaupt D, Frauenfelder T (2009) Preoperative liver volumetry: how does the slice thickness influence the multidetector computed tomography- and magnetic resonance-liver volume measurements? J Comput Assist Tomogr 33(3):390–397CrossRefPubMed Reiner CS, Karlo C, Petrowsky H, Marincek B, Weishaupt D, Frauenfelder T (2009) Preoperative liver volumetry: how does the slice thickness influence the multidetector computed tomography- and magnetic resonance-liver volume measurements? J Comput Assist Tomogr 33(3):390–397CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Stereology: a novel technique for rapid assessment of liver volume
Authors
Michael R. Torkzad
Agneta Norén
Joel Kullberg
Publication date
01-08-2012
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Insights into Imaging / Issue 4/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1869-4101
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-012-0166-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2012

Insights into Imaging 4/2012 Go to the issue