Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics
Published in: Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 3/2016

01-07-2016 | Review Article

FFR and iFR guided percutaneous coronary intervention

Authors: Hitoshi Matsuo, Yoshiaki Kawase

Published in: Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics | Issue 3/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an invasive physiologic index measured in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to assess the functional significance of a coronary stenosis. It is now accepted as the reference standard to indicate whether a stenosis is likely to be responsible for ischemia. It is generally accepted that a stenosis with an ischemic value of FFR is responsible for symptom and a worse outcome and should be revascularized, whereas lesions with a non-ischemic FFR have a more favorable prognosis and can be treated medically. Furthermore, FFR-guided revascularization strategy has been definitely proven to be better than angiography-guided strategy in pivotal landmark studies such as DEFER, FAME, and FAME2. Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is another physiological index which can be obtained at rest without hyperemic stimulation. iFR is conceptually different from FFR, leading to lively scientific debate about this index. In this review article, the concept, clinical value of FFR and iFR for clinical practice are reviewed.
Literature
1.
Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS. Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation. 2003;107:2900–7.CrossRefPubMed
2.
3.
4.
Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, Siebert U, Ikeno F, Bornschein B, van’t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, De Bruyne B, Investigators FS. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:177–84.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Sen S, Escaned J, Malik IS, Mikhail GW, Foale RA, Mila R, Tarkin J, Petraco R, Broyd C, Jabbour R, Sethi A, Baker CS, Bellamy M, Al-Bustami M, Hackett D, Khan M, Lefroy D, Parker KH, Hughes AD, Francis DP, Di Mario C, Mayet J, Davies JE. Development and validation of a new adenosine-independent index of stenosis severity from coronary wave-intensity analysis: results of the ADVISE (ADenosine Vasodilator Independent Stenosis Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1392–402.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Pijls NH, Van Gelder B, Van der Voort P, Peels K, Bracke FA, Bonnier HJ, El Gamal MI. Fractional flow reserve. A useful index to evaluate the influence of an epicardial coronary stenosis on myocardial blood flow. Circulation. 1995;92:3183–93.CrossRefPubMed
7.
de Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Sys SU, Pijls NH, Heyndrickx GR, Wijns W. Simultaneous coronary pressure and flow velocity measurements in humans. Feasibility, reproducibility, and hemodynamic dependence of coronary flow velocity reserve, hyperemic flow versus pressure slope index, and fractional flow reserve. Circulation. 1996;94:1842–9.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels K, Van Der Voort PH, Bonnier HJ, Bartunek JKJJ, Koolen JJ. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703–8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Matsuo H. Microvascular dysfunction: clinically relevant but still difficult to detect. Circ J. 2013;77:1687–8.CrossRefPubMed
10.
van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Henriques JP, Piek JJ, Claessen BE. Fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention: does coronary pressure never lie? Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2014;16:294.CrossRefPubMed
11.
van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Damman P, Delewi R, Piek MA, Chamuleau SA, Voskuil M, Henriques JP, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Spaan JA, Siebes M, Tijssen JG, Meuwissen M, Piek JJ. Physiological basis and long-term clinical outcome of discordance between fractional flow reserve and coronary flow velocity reserve in coronary stenoses of intermediate severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:301–11.CrossRefPubMed
12.
van der Voort PH, van Hagen E, Hendrix G, van Gelder B, Bech JW, Pijls NH. Comparison of intravenous adenosine to intracoronary papaverine for calculation of pressure-derived fractional flow reserve. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1996;39:120–5.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Nishi T, Kitahara H, Iwata Y, Fujimoto Y, Nakayama T, Takahara M, Sugimoto K and Kobayashi Y. Efficacy of combined administration of intracoronary papaverine plus intravenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate in assessment of fractional flow reserve. J Cardiol. 2016. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jjcc.​2015.​12.​005.
14.
De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Barbato E, Bartunek J, Bech JW, Wijns W, Heyndrickx GR. Intracoronary and intravenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate, adenosine, papaverine, and contrast medium to assess fractional flow reserve in humans. Circulation. 2003;107:1877–83.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Hakeem A, Cilingiroglu M, Leesar MA. Hemodynamic and intravascular ultrasound assessment of myocardial bridging: fractional flow reserve paradox with dobutamine versus adenosine. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;75:229–36.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Yoshino S, Cassar A, Matsuo Y, Herrmann J, Gulati R, Prasad A, Lennon RJ, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Fractional flow reserve with dobutamine challenge and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in symptomatic myocardial bridging. Circ J. 2014;78:685–92.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Kato D, Takashima H, Waseda K, Kurita A, Kuroda Y, Kosaka T, Kuhara Y, Ando H, Maeda K, Kumagai S, Sakurai S, Suzuki A, Toda Y, Watanabe A, Sato S, Fujimoto M, Mizuno T, Amano T. Feasibility and safety of intracoronary nicorandil infusion as a novel hyperemic agent for fractional flow reserve measurements. Heart Vessels. 2015;30:477–83.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Tanaka N, Takahashi Y, Ishihara H, Kawakami T, Ono H. Usefulness and safety of intracoronary administration of nicorandil for evaluating fractional flow reserve in Japanese patients. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:20–4.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Pijls NH, van Nunen LX. Fractional flow reserve, maximum hyperemia, adenosine, and regadenoson. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2015;16:263–5.CrossRefPubMed
20.
van Nunen LX, Lenders GD, Schampaert S, van’t Veer M, Wijnbergen I, Brueren GR, Tonino PA, Pijls NH. Single bolus intravenous regadenoson injection versus central venous infusion of adenosine for maximum coronary hyperaemia in fractional flow reserve measurement. Eurointervention. 2015;11:905–13.CrossRefPubMed
21.
22.
Tarkin JM, Nijjer S, Sen S, Petraco R, Echavarria-Pinto M, Asress KN, Lockie T, Khawaja MZ, Mayet J, Hughes AD, Malik IS, Mikhail GW, Baker CS, Foale RA, Redwood S, Francis DP, Escaned J, Davies JE. Hemodynamic response to intravenous adenosine and its effect on fractional flow reserve assessment: results of the Adenosine for the Functional Evaluation of Coronary Stenosis Severity (AFFECTS) study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:654–61.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Seto AH, Tehrani DM, Bharmal MI, Kern MJ. Variations of coronary hemodynamic responses to intravenous adenosine infusion: implications for fractional flow reserve measurements. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:416–25.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Calvert C. Compensatory changes of the distal coronary vascular bed during progressive coronary constriction < resting flow by gould. Circulation. 1975;51:1085–94.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Chamuleau SAJ, Siebes M, Meuwissen M, Koch KT, Spaan JAE, Piek JJ. Association between coronary lesion severity and distal microvascular resistance in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285:H2194–200.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Echavarria-Pinto M, Gonzalo N, Ibanez B, Petraco R, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Sen S, Nijjer S, Tarkin J, Alfonso F, Nunez-Gil IJ, Banuelos C, Quiros A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Macaya C, Koo BK, Davies J, Escaned J. Low coronary microcirculatory resistance associated with profound hypotension during intravenous adenosine infusion: implications for the functional assessment of coronary stenoses. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:35–42.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Johnson NP, Johnson DT, Kirkeeide RL, Berry C, De Bruyne B, Fearon WF, Oldroyd KG, Pijls NH, Gould KL. Repeatability of fractional flow reserve despite variations in systemic and coronary hemodynamics. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:1018–27.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Matsumoto H, Nakatsuma K, Shimada T, Ushimaru S, Mikuri M, Yamazaki T, Matsuda T. Effect of caffeine on intravenous adenosine-induced hyperemia in fractional flow reserve measurement. J Invasive Cardiol. 2014;26:580–5.PubMed
29.
Matsumoto H, Ushimaru S, Matsuda T, Shimada T, Mikuri M, Takahashi H, Takahashi N, Kawada T, Yamazaki T. Is caffeine abstention necessary before adenosine-induced fractional flow reserve measurement? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:1943–5.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Sun YH, Anderson TJ, Parker KH, Tyberg JV. Wave-intensity analysis: a new approach to coronary hemodynamics. J Appl Physiol. 1985;2000(89):1636–44.
31.
Siebes M, Kolyva C, Verhoeff BJ, Piek JJ, Spaan JA. Potential and limitations of wave intensity analysis in coronary arteries. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2009;47:233–9.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Gould KL. Pressure-flow characteristics of coronary stenoses in unsedated dogs at rest and during coronary vasodilation. Circ Res. 1978;43:242–53.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Nijjer SS, de Waard GA, Sen S, van de Hoef TP, Petraco R, Echavarria-Pinto M, van Lavieren MA, Meuwissen M, Danad I, Knaapen P, Escaned J, Piek JJ, Davies JE, van Royen N. Coronary pressure and flow relationships in humans: phasic analysis of normal and pathological vessels and the implications for stenosis assessment: a report from the Iberian-Dutch-English (IDEAL) collaborators. Eur Heart J. 2015. doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehv626.PubMed
34.
Sen S, Asrress KN, Nijjer S, Petraco R, Malik IS, Foale RA, Mikhail GW, Foin N, Broyd C, Hadjiloizou N, Sethi A, Al-Bustami M, Hackett D, Khan MA, Khawaja MZ, Baker CS, Bellamy M, Parker KH, Hughes AD, Francis DP, Mayet J, Di Mario C, Escaned J, Redwood S, Davies JE. Diagnostic classification of the instantaneous wave-free ratio is equivalent to fractional flow reserve and is not improved with adenosine administration. Results of CLARIFY (Classification Accuracy of Pressure-Only Ratios Against Indices Using Flow Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1409–20.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Nakamura M, Yamagishi M, Ueno T, Hara K, Ishiwata S, Itoh T, Hamanaka I, Wakatsuki T, Sugano T, Kawai K, Akasaka T, Tanaka N, Kimura T. Prevalence of visual-functional mismatch regarding coronary artery stenosis in the CVIT-DEFER registry. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2014;29:300–8.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Park SJ, Kang SJ, Ahn JM, Shim EB, Kim YT, Yun SC, Song H, Lee JY, Kim WJ, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Mintz GS, Park SW. Visual-functional mismatch between coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:1029–36.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Natsumeda M, Nakazawa G, Murakami T, Torii S, Ijichi T, Ohno Y, Masuda N, Shinozaki N, Ogata N, Yoshimachi F, Ikari Y. Coronary angiographic characteristics that influence fractional flow reserve. Circ J. 2015;79:802–7.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Takashima H, Waseda K, Gosho M, Kurita A, Ando H, Sakurai S, Maeda K, Kumagai S, Suzuki A, Amano T. Severity of morphological lesion complexity affects fractional flow reserve in intermediate coronary stenosis. J Cardiol. 2015;66:239–45.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Shiono Y, Kubo T, Tanaka A, Kitabata H, Ino Y, Tanimoto T, Wada T, Ota S, Ozaki Y, Orii M, Shimamura K, Ishibashi K, Yamano T, Yamaguchi T, Hirata K, Imanishi T, Akasaka T. Impact of myocardial supply area on the transstenotic hemodynamics as determined by fractional flow reserve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:406–13.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Matsuo H, Kawase Y. Physiological impact of CTO recanalization assessed by coronary pressure measurement: a case report. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;82:E459–64.PubMed
41.
Zimmermann FM, Ferrara A, Johnson NP, van Nunen LX, Escaned J, Albertsson P, Erbel R, Legrand V, Gwon HC, Remkes WS, Stella PR, van Schaardenburgh P, Bech GJ, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH. Deferral vs. performance of percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally non-significant coronary stenosis: 15-year follow-up of the DEFER trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3182–8.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Nakamura M, Yamagishi M, Ueno T, Hara K, Ishiwata S, Itoh T, Hamanaka I, Wakatsuki T, Sugano T, Kawai K, Akasaka T, Tanaka N, Kimura T. Modification of treatment strategy after FFR measurement: CVIT-DEFER registry. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2015;30:12–21.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Curzen N, Rana O, Nicholas Z, Golledge P, Zaman A, Oldroyd K, Hanratty C, Banning A, Wheatcroft S, Hobson A, Chitkara K, Hildick-Smith D, McKenzie D, Calver A, Dimitrov BD, Corbett S. Does routine pressure wire assessment influence management strategy at coronary angiography for diagnosis of chest pain?: the RIPCORD study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:248–55.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Van Belle E, Rioufol G, Pouillot C, Cuisset T, Bougrini K, Teiger E, Champagne S, Belle L, Barreau D, Hanssen M, Besnard C, Dauphin R, Dallongeville J, El Hahi Y, Sideris G, Bretelle C, Lhoest N, Barnay P, Leborgne L, Dupouy P, Investigators of the Registre Francais de la F-RF. Outcome impact of coronary revascularization strategy reclassification with fractional flow reserve at time of diagnostic angiography: insights from a large French multicenter fractional flow reserve registry. Circulation. 2014;129:173–85.CrossRefPubMed
45.
De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, Barbato E, Tonino PA, Piroth Z, Jagic N, Mobius-Winkler S, Rioufol G, Witt N, Kala P, MacCarthy P, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Mavromatis K, Manoharan G, Verlee P, Frobert O, Curzen N, Johnson JB, Juni P, Fearon WF, Investigators FT. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:991–1001.CrossRefPubMed
46.
De Bruyne B, Fearon WF, Pijls NH, Barbato E, Tonino P, Piroth Z, Jagic N, Mobius-Winckler S, Rioufol G, Witt N, Kala P, MacCarthy P, Engstrom T, Oldroyd K, Mavromatis K, Manoharan G, Verlee P, Frobert O, Curzen N, Johnson JB, Limacher A, Nuesch E, Juni P, Investigators FT. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI for stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1208–17.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Shiono Y, Kubo T, Tanaka A, Ino Y, Yamaguchi T, Tanimoto T, Yamano T, Matsuo Y, Nishiguchi T, Teraguchi I, Ota S, Ozaki Y, Orii M, Shimamura K, Kitabata H, Hirata K, Imanishi T, Akasaka T. Long-term outcome after deferral of revascularization in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis and gray-zone fractional flow reserve. Circ J. 2015;79:91–5.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Yamashita J, Tanaka N, Shindo N, Ogawa M, Kimura Y, Sakoda K, Murata N, Hokama Y, Hoshino K, Ikeda S, Yamashina A. Seven-year clinical outcomes of patients with moderate coronary artery stenosis after deferral of revascularization based on gray-zone fractional flow reserve. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2015;30:209–15.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Park SH, Jeon KH, Lee JM, Nam CW, Doh JH, Lee BK, Rha SW, Yoo KD, Jung KT, Cho YS, Lee HY, Youn TJ, Chung WY, Koo BK. Long-term clinical outcomes of fractional flow reserve-guided versus routine drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis: five-year clinical outcomes of DEFER-DES trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(12):e002442. doi:10.​1161/​CIRCINTERVENTION​S.​115.​002442.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van’t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, Fearon WF, Investigators FS. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Tonino PA, Fearon WF, De Bruyne B, Oldroyd KG, Leesar MA, Ver Lee PN, Maccarthy PA, Van’t Veer M, Pijls NH. Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study fractional flow reserve versus angiography in multivessel evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2816–21.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Johnson NP, Toth GG, Lai D, Zhu H, Acar G, Agostoni P, Appelman Y, Arslan F, Barbato E, Chen SL, Di Serafino L, Dominguez-Franco AJ, Dupouy P, Esen AM, Esen OB, Hamilos M, Iwasaki K, Jensen LO, Jimenez-Navarro MF, Katritsis DG, Kocaman SA, Koo BK, Lopez-Palop R, Lorin JD, Miller LH, Muller O, Nam CW, Oud N, Puymirat E, Rieber J, Rioufol G, Rodes-Cabau J, Sedlis SP, Takeishi Y, Tonino PA, Van Belle E, Verna E, Werner GS, Fearon WF, Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Gould KL. Prognostic value of fractional flow reserve: linking physiologic severity to clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1641–54.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Petraco R, Escaned J, Sen S, Nijjer S, Asrress KN, Echavarria-Pinto M, Lockie T, Khawaja MZ, Cuevas C, Foin N, Broyd C, Foale RA, Hadjiloizou N, Malik IS, Mikhail GW, Sethi A, Kaprielian R, Baker CS, Lefroy D, Bellamy M, Al-Bustami M, Khan MA, Hughes AD, Francis DP, Mayet J, Di Mario C, Redwood S, Davies JE. Classification performance of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve in a clinical population of intermediate coronary stenoses: results of the ADVISE registry. Eurointervention. 2013;9:91–101.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Kim JS, Lee HD, Suh YK, Kim JH, Chun KJ, Park YH, Kim J, Han DC, Sohn CB. Prediction of fractional flow reserve without hyperemic induction based on resting baseline Pd/Pa. Korean Circ J. 2013;43:309–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Petraco R, Al-Lamee R, Gotberg M, Sharp A, Hellig F, Nijjer SS, Echavarria-Pinto M, van de Hoef TP, Sen S, Tanaka N, Van Belle E, Bojara W, Sakoda K, Mates M, Indolfi C, De Rosa S, Vrints CJ, Haine S, Yokoi H, Ribichini FL, Meuwissen M, Matsuo H, Janssens L, Katsumi U, Di Mario C, Escaned J, Piek J, Davies JE. Real-time use of instantaneous wave-free ratio: results of the ADVISE in-practice: an international, multicenter evaluation of instantaneous wave-free ratio in clinical practice. Am Heart J. 2014;168:739–48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Jeremias A, Maehara A, Genereux P, Asrress KN, Berry C, De Bruyne B, Davies JE, Escaned J, Fearon WF, Gould KL, Johnson NP, Kirtane AJ, Koo BK, Marques KM, Nijjer S, Oldroyd KG, Petraco R, Piek JJ, Pijls NH, Redwood S, Siebes M, Spaan JA, van’t Veer M, Mintz GS, Stone GW. Multicenter core laboratory comparison of the instantaneous wave-free ratio and resting Pd/Pa with fractional flow reserve: the RESOLVE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1253–61.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Petraco R, van de Hoef TP, Nijjer S, Sen S, van Lavieren MA, Foale RA, Meuwissen M, Broyd C, Echavarria-Pinto M, Foin N, Malik IS, Mikhail GW, Hughes AD, Francis DP, Mayet J, Di Mario C, Escaned J, Piek JJ, Davies JE. Baseline instantaneous wave-free ratio as a pressure-only estimation of underlying coronary flow reserve: results of the JUSTIFY-CFR Study (Joined Coronary Pressure and Flow Analysis to Determine Diagnostic Characteristics of Basal and Hyperemic Indices of Functional Lesion Severity-Coronary Flow Reserve). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:492–502.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Iwasaki K, Matsumoto T. Coronary pressure measurement identifies patients with diffuse coronary artery disease who benefit from coronary revascularization. Coron Artery Dis. 2011;22:81–6.CrossRefPubMed
59.
De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Heyndrickx GR, Hodeige D, Kirkeeide R, Gould KL. Pressure-derived fractional flow reserve to assess serial epicardial stenoses: theoretical basis and animal validation. Circulation. 2000;101:1840–7.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Saito N, Matsuo H, Kawase Y, Watanabe S, Bao B, Yamamoto E, Watanabe H, Nakatsuma K, Ueno K, Kimura T. In vitro assessment of mathematically-derived fractional flow reserve in coronary lesions with more than two sequential stenoses. J Invasive Cardiol. 2013;25:642–9.PubMed
61.
Park SJ, Ahn JM, Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Shim EB, Kim YT, Kang SJ, Song H, Lee JY, Kim WJ, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW. Validation of functional state of coronary tandem lesions using computational flow dynamics. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:1578–84.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Nijjer SS, Sen S, Petraco R, Mayet J, Francis DP, Davies JE. The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) pullback: a novel innovation using baseline physiology to optimise coronary angioplasty in tandem lesions. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2015;16:167–71.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Nijjer SS, Sen S, Petraco R, Escaned J, Echavarria-Pinto M, Broyd C, Al-Lamee R, Foin N, Foale RA, Malik IS, Mikhail GW, Sethi AS, Al-Bustami M, Kaprielian RR, Khan MA, Baker CS, Bellamy MF, Hughes AD, Mayet J, Francis DP, Di Mario C, Davies JE. Pre-angioplasty instantaneous wave-free ratio pullback provides virtual intervention and predicts hemodynamic outcome for serial lesions and diffuse coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:1386–96.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
FFR and iFR guided percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors
Hitoshi Matsuo
Yoshiaki Kawase
Publication date
01-07-2016
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics / Issue 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1868-4300
Electronic ISSN: 1868-4297
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12928-016-0404-2

Other articles of this Issue 3/2016

Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 3/2016 Go to the issue

Case Report

Reverse bent wiring with Crusade catheter can be a useful technique for penetrating an abrupt-type entry of coronary occlusion at branching ostium

Review Article

Renovascular heart failure: heart failure in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease

Original Article

One-year outcome of a prospective trial stopping dual antiplatelet therapy at 3 months after everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent implantation: ShortT and OPtimal duration of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy after everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent (STOPDAPT) trial

Case Report

A case of coronary rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation after fracture of implanted paclitaxel-eluting stents

Case Report

Chronic total occlusion treated with coronary intervention by three-dimensional guidewire manipulation: an experimental study and clinical experience

Case Report

The usefulness of a perfusion balloon in a case of late stent thrombosis that caused simultaneous double vessel occlusion

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24 to hear Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits