How should we manage non-small-cell lung cancer “not-otherwise-specified”?

Excerpt

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It mainly consists of two distinct histological subtypes: adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQC). In the past, distinguishing these two subtypes was not mandatory, because there were no significant differences in terms of treatment option and efficacy between them. Over the past two decades, however, the development of new cytotoxic and molecular-targeted agents has made the distinction necessary. Specifically, molecular-targeted agents are almost exclusively applicable to ADC, whereas pemetrexed and bevacizumab are not eligible for SQC in terms of efficacy and toxicity, respectively. …